20世纪70年代以来法国的妇女与性别史研究

Women's History and Gender History in France from the 1970s

科学性与合理性是妇女与性别史所面临的棘手难题,却很少被系统论证研究过,在法国学界也如此。本文通过两大主线来探析法国自1970年代以来相关领域研究的演变路径:一是以时间轴为序阐析从妇女史到妇女与性别史相融的发展历程与特点;二是从核心范畴出发,分析从"妇女"向"性别"为主体范畴的演变,尝试揭示其内在逻辑:从对既往以男人为主体的男性化史学研究的批判,到赋予行动者以性别化特质,用妇女、性别和混合的视角对历史研究进行重新解读与建构,并努力论证这种研究的科学性与合理性。

The challenge facing women's history and gender history has always been how to prove that the studies are both scientific and legitimate academic fields. French women and gender historians faced the same challenge. In writing this article,the author presents the course of development in French women's and gender history from the 1970 s on two fronts. One is to discuss the transformation of women's history per se to the combined interest in women's and gender history. The other is to analyze the categorical change from women to gender as a logical development in the research. The French example shows that women's history changed from targeting male-centered historiography for criticism to analyzing the gendering process of all actors in history; the latter attempts to reinterpret and reconstruct historical study by taking women's,gender and/or combined perspectives. These changes successfully demonstrate that the fields have become both scientific and legitimate.