谁分走了中国的制造业出口蛋糕?——基于全球价值链的视角

Who Takes the Share of China's Cake of Manufacturing Export?——From the Perspective of Global Value Chain

自二十世纪后期以来,任务贸易逐渐取代货物贸易成为国际贸易的主流模式。在这一背景下,使用基于增加值的全球价值链方法分解中国不同技术水平制造业出口的国内外价值,分析中国制造业出口的国外价值来源和构成,也借此分析中国制造业出口在贸易伙伴之间的真实利益分配情况。结果显示:第一,尽管近年来中国高技术水平制造业出口规模不断扩大,但真实获利水平较低,中国企业的优势依然集中在低技术水平制造业上。第二,中国制造业出口中50%~70%的国外价值源于主要贸易伙伴,占出口总额的1%~10%;且技术水平越低,相应的份额越低。第三,中国制造业出口的国外价值来源日益多元化,这一趋势在低技术水平制造业中表现得尤为显著。

Since the late 20th century, trade in tasks has become the mainstream of international trade, replacing trade in goods. Adopting a global value chain method based on value added, this paper decomposes the domestic and foreign value in China＇ s export of manufacturing with different technique levels. It then analyzes the source and composition of foreign value and the actual trade interest distribution between China and her partners. The conclusions include ： Firstly, although the export scale of high-tech manufacturing is expanding, the actual profit level is low. The advantage of China＇ s manufacturing enterprises still lies in low-tech manufacturing. Secondly, about 50% to 70% of the foreign value of China＇ s manufacturing industry is sourced from major trade partners, accounting for 1% to 10% of the total export. In addition, the lower the technical level, the smaller the corresponding share. Thirdly, the sources of foreign value of China＇ s export have been increasingly diversified in recent years, especially so in low technical manufacturing industry.