东莞市12～18月龄健康婴幼儿鼻咽部b型流感嗜血杆菌携带状况及影响因素研究

Nasopharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b and it influencing factors in healthy infants aged 12-18 months in Dongguan City

目的了解东莞市12~18月龄健康婴幼儿鼻咽部b型流感嗜血杆菌携带情况及该菌耐药情况,为制定防治策略提供参考依据。方法分别于初夏(2009年5-6月)和冬季(2010年1月)在东莞市5个镇进行两次采集,共采集健康儿童的鼻咽拭子598份,进行流感嗜血杆菌的培养和耐药性检测。结果东莞市12~18月龄健康婴幼儿鼻咽部b型流感嗜血杆菌携带率为5.35%(32/598),居室容积<20 m^3/人为携带b型流感嗜血杆菌的危险因素(OR=3.420,95%CI:1.449~8.074);b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗接种率为60.37%(361/598);检出3株对氨苄西林耐药的菌株,占所有菌株的12.00%(3/25)。结论居住单位容积小会增加携带b型流感嗜血杆菌的风险,倡导健康的生活方式,改善婴幼儿的居住环境,提高b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗的接种率有助于降低婴幼儿鼻咽部b型流感嗜血杆菌携带率。

Objective To investigate the nasopharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b and its drug resistance in healthy infants aged 12-18 months in Dongguan City so as to provide referential evidence for formulating prevention strategies. Methods A total of 598 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected fi＇om healthy infants aged 12-18 months in 5 towns of Dongguan City in early summer （from May to June in 2009） and winter （in January, 2010）. Haemophilus influenzae culture was performed and its antimicrobial resistance was detected. Results The nasopharyngeal carrying rate of Haemophilus influenzae type b in healthy infants aged 12-18 months in Dongguan City was 5.35%（32/598）. The living unit which was 〈 20m3/person was the risk factor for Haemophilus influenzae type b infection （ OR = 3.420, 95% CI： 1.449-8. 074, ）. The vaccination coverage rate of Hae- mophilus influenzae type b was 60.37% （361/598）. 3 strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b were detected to be resistant to am- picillin, accounting for 12.00% of the total isolated strains （3/25}. Conclusions Small living unit will increase the risk of Haemophilus influenzae type b infection. It is suggested to advocate healthy lifestyle to improve the infants＇ living environment. In- creasing the vaccination rate of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine is conducive to decreasing its nasopharyngeal carrying rate in infants.