广州市越秀区流动儿童手足口病发病现状及危险因素分析

Prevalence of hand,foot and mouth disease and its risk factors among the floating children in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City

目的探究广州市越秀区流动儿童手足口病发病现状,并分析其危险因素。方法采用病例对照研究方法随机选取2013年9月-2016年12月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心门诊就诊的流动儿童手足口病患儿300例,另采用1:1的匹配设计方式选择越秀区300名健康流动儿童为研究对象,采用问卷调查儿童基线资料、患儿临床症状、家庭生活环境及生活方式习惯,采用单因素χ2检验与多因素非条件logistic回归分析流动儿童手足口病的危险因素。结果本研究显示,男性患儿170例,女性患儿130例,年龄2~4岁居多,平均年龄为5.12岁;单因素分析显示,家庭收入情况、接触患者史、家庭垃圾堆积、小区垃圾堆积、小区人粪堆积、吮咬手指的习惯、饭前便后是否用肥皂或洗手液洗手与手足口病发生相关,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);多因素显示,接触手足口病患者史(OR=1.655,95%CI:1.226~2.234),小区垃圾污物堆积(OR=1.407,95%CI:1.017~1.946),吮咬手指的习惯(OR=1.535,95%CI:1.146~2.055),饭前便后是否用肥皂或洗手液洗手(OR=1.614,95%CI:1.106~2.355)是手足口病发生的危险因素。结论广州市越秀区流动儿童手足口病多发生于2~4岁,儿童生活卫生问题是导致手足口病发生的主要因素,因此做好儿童卫生保健是预防手足口病发生的关键。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hand, foot and mouth disease （HFMD） in the migrant children in Yuex- iu District of Guangzhou City, and to analyze its risk factors. Methods The case-control study method was used to randomly select 300 migrant children with HFMD hospitalized in Guangzhou Women and Children＇ s Medical Center from September 2013 to De- cember 2016. In addition, 300 healthy floating children in Yuexiu District were selected as the research objects by 1 ： 1 matching de- sign method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to know about the children＇ s baseline data, clinical symptoms, family living en- vironment, lifestyle and habit. Single factorX2 test and multifactor non-conditional logistic regression analysis were employed for an- alyzing the risk factors for HFMD in the migrant children. Results The study showed that there were 170 male patients and 130 female ones, and most of the patients ranged in age from 2 to 4 years, with the average age being 5.12 years old. Single factor analy- sis showed that household income, the history of contact with HFMD patient, accumulation of family garbage, accumulation of com- munity garbage, comnmnity accumulation of human feces, the habit of sucking fingers, washing hands with soap or hand sanitizer before the meal and after going to the toilet were related to the occurrence of HFMD, with statistically significant differences （ all P 〈0.05）. Multifactor analysis showed that the history of contact with HFMD patient （OR = 1.655, 95%CI：1.226-2.234）, accumula- tion of garbage and dirt in residential area （OR= 1.407, 95% CI： 1.017-1.946）, the habit of sucking and biting fingers （OR = 1. 535, 95%CI： 1.146-2.055） , washing hands with soap or hand sanitizer before the meal and after going to the toilet （OR= 1.614, 95%CI： 1.106-2.355） were the risk factors for the occurrence of HFMD. Conclusions HFMD of the migrant children in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City is prone to occur at the age of 2-4 years, and the children＇ s poor personal hygienic habits are the main factors leading to the occurrence of HFMD. Therefore, good health care for children is the key to prevention of HFMD.