综合护理干预在住院脑卒中患者中的应用

Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention in hospitalized stroke patients

目的探讨综合护理干预在住院脑卒中患者中的应用效果。方法选择2014年1月至2016年7月在东莞市石排医院住院治疗的198例脑卒中患者为研究对象,根据随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组99例,所有患者均给予脱水降颅压等对症治疗,对照组予神经内科常规护理,观察组予综合护理干预,疗程为2周。比较两组患者干预前后血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)以及营养评分等指标,同时记录住肺部感染发生率。结果本组住院脑卒中患者营养风险发生率为34.85%(69/198);干预后,观察组患者血清ALB、PA分别为(34.2±3.6)g/L、(248.7±41.2)mg/L,明显高于对照组的(31.3±3.7)g/L、(220.4±36.9)mg/L,营养评分为(2.94±0.74)分,明显低于对照组的(3.56±1.05)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的肺部感染发生率为15.15%,明显低于对照组的29.29%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论住院脑卒中患者普遍存在营养风险,综合护理干预可在一定程度上改善脑卒中患者的营养状态、降低肺部感染的发生率。

Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention in hospitalized stroke pa-tients. Methods A total of 198 cases of hospitalized stroke patients were selected as the research objects in our hospital from January 2014 to July 2016. According to the random number table method, the research patients were divided into observation group （n=99） and control group （n=99）, treated by dehydration, intracranial pressure reduction and other symptomatic treatment. The control group was treated with routine nursing, and the observation group was given compre-hensive nursing intervention. The course of treatment was two weeks. The serum albumin （ALB）, pre-albumin （PA） and nutritional score was compared between the two groups before and after intervention, and the incidence of pulmonary in-fection was recorded. Results In this study, the incidence of nutritional risk in hospitalized stroke patients was 34.85%（69/198）. After the intervention, the serum ALB and PA in observation group was （34.2±3.6） g/L, （248.7±41.2） mg/L, sig-nificantly higher than （31.3 ± 3.7） g/L, （220.4 ± 36.9） mg/L in the control group （P〈0.05）, and the nutrition score was （2.94±0.74）, significantly lower than （3.56±1.05） in the control group （P〈0.05）. The incidence of pulmonary infection in the observation group was 15.15%, significantly lower than （29.29%） in the control group（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The nutritional risk of hospitalized stroke patients is general. Comprehensive nursing intervention can improve the nutritional status of stroke patients and reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection to some extent.