鱼眼草的鉴别特征研究

Study on Identification Characteristics of Dichrocephala auriculata (Thunb.) Druce

【目的】对鱼眼草进行生药学鉴别,总结鱼眼草的鉴别特征,为该药的深入研究及开发奠定基础。【方法】采用原植物鉴别、显微鉴别等方法观察鱼眼草的整体植株形态。【结果】原植物形态特征:鱼眼草全身被绒毛;根为直根系;叶互生,叶长卵形、羽状深裂或全裂;花小,成头状花序,头状花序再排成伞房状,外数层白色雌花,内数层黄绿色两性花。显微结构特征:根的维管束宽广,外围可见中柱鞘纤维成束;茎的维管束8~25个环列,外侧可见中柱鞘纤维,髓部宽广,可见环髓纤维;叶的上下表皮均有气孔和非腺毛;叶主脉维管束外韧型,上下两侧均有纤维;粉末中可见非腺毛、淀粉粒、纤维、花粉粒、导管等。【结论】上述的鉴别特征稳定、可靠,可用于鱼眼草生药学的鉴别。

Objective To identify the pharmacognosy features of Dichrocephala auriculata（Thunb.） Druce,and to summarize its identification characteristics,so as to lay a foundation for further study and development of the drug. Methods By original plant identification and microscopic identification methods,we observed the features of the whole plant of Dichrocephala auriculata（Thunb.） Druce. Results The morphological characteristics of the original plant showed as follows： the whole aerial part was covered with tomentum; roots belonged to taproot root system; the alternate leaves were long oval-shaped, pinnatipartite, or divided; flowers were small,presented as capitulum, arranging in umbrella-shape, with several outer layers of white flowers and several inner layers of yellow green flowers. Microstructure characteristics showed as follows： root vascular bundle was broad,and pericycle fiber bundles were found outside;stem vascular bundle had 8-25 cyclocytics,pericycle fibers were found outside, and the medulla was broad with myelinated fibers around; the upper and below epidermis of leaves had stomata and non-tentacle, and the main vein vascular of the leaf was collateral with vascula bundles upside and downside;the nonglandular hairs,starch grains,fibers,pollen grains,and tubes were shown in the powder of whole plant. Conclusion The above results are stable and reliable, and can be applied for pharmacognosy identification of Dichrocephala auriculata（Thunb.）Druce.