台湾的社区矫正:基本理念与处遇形态

Community Corrections in Taiwan:Basic Ideas and Treatment Programs

社区矫正是一个内容广泛且不断演进的概念,用以描述对被告或犯罪者的非机构性的约制、惩罚或矫治计划,包括:(1)起诉前的转向措施;(2)对已定罪者设定条件或限制,置于社区中执行刑罚或矫治措施;(3)协助在监受刑人顺利回归社会前的措施。社区矫正因此被视为是正式刑事司法的转向或替代性选择。台湾社区矫正基本理念包括:社区安全防卫、社会复归、个别化处遇、被害人参与及减低矫治花费(成本效益)等。台湾社区矫正的处遇形态则包括:观护制度、假释制度、居家监禁、电子监控、工作与学习释放、中途之家、受刑人休假制度、罚金、社区服务及补偿被害者方案等。本论文将讨论我国台湾地区社区矫正的执行结果,结论主张,借着社区的力量来协助犯罪治理,将逐渐成为犯罪矫正的一个基本哲学。

This paper intends to provide a unique opportunity to understand the theoretical underpinning and treatment programs of community corrections in Taiwan. Community correction is used as a general concept to refer to a variety of sanctions,punishments or treatment programs for the accused or convicted criminals,which include（ 1） diversion programs before formal prosecution;（ 2） conditional release or restrictions for those convicted while maintaining them in the community,and（ 3） efforts designed to smooth the transition of inmates from prison to society. The basic ideas of community corrections in Taiwan include： protection of societal safety,social reintegration,individualized treatment,victim participation and cost-benefit effective etc. The treatment programs include： probation and parole systems,house arrest,electronic monitoring,work or study release,halfway house,prisoners vacation,fines,community services and victim compensation programs,etc. This paper also exams the results of community correctional program implementation and concludes that it is becoming a correctional philosophy to use community as a way to manage crime.