穆旦诗歌:宗教意识与民主意识

Mu Dan's Poetry:Religious and Democratic Consciousnesses

在穆旦诗歌1940年代最为重要的战争主题背后存在着更为宏大的政治理想,一种借以克服和"消化"残酷战争经验的现代政治意识。这一政治意识虽然难以摆脱当时自由主义群体及其民主自由思想划定的范围,但却进一步将穆旦引向现代政治意识的精神基础。于是穆旦诗歌中的宗教意识与民主意识的关系就成为一个值得探究的命题。在穆旦诗歌的社会总体图景背后是一个更强有力的基督教图景。由于战争经验的刺激,穆旦经历了从历史正义到超验正义的精神突变,但二者的目的都是为了完成一种诗性正义。穆旦诗歌中的宗教意识为他的民主意识和民主想象提供了相应的道德内涵。(1)

Behind Mu Dan＇ s most important war-themed poetry of the 1940s hides a grand political ideal, a modem political consciousness whereby to overcome and ＂digest＂ the cruel war experience; though this con- sciousness can hardly get away from the liberal groups and the scope that is defined by their democratic and liberal ideology, it leads Mu further towards its spiritual foundation. The relationship between Mu＇ s religious and democratic conseiousnesses, therefore, has become a topic that is worth studying. At the back of the gener- al social picture of Mu＇ s poetry there is a more powerful Christian picture. Provoked by the war experience, Mu undergoes a spiritual mutation from historical justice to transcendent justice, but both aims to fulfill a poet- ic justice. The religious consciousness in Mu＇ s poetry provides his democratic consciousness and imagination with a corresponding moral content.