强制性抑或自愿性:我国碳标识立法进路之选择

Mandatory or Voluntary:The Choice of Carbon Label Legislation

碳标识制度因在实践中取得实质性环保成效而在域外广泛适用。为应对绿色贸易壁垒,我国部分企业已开始为产品加贴碳标识,国务院也于2016年底颁布了《关于建立统一的绿色产品标准、认证、标识体系的意见》等政策推动绿色标识制度的发展。然而,法律层面的立法空缺使得碳标识制度推行面临多重困境,亟待解决的首要问题是选择强制抑或自愿的推行方式。在借鉴域外实践经验的基础之上,建议以本土现实需求为导向,基于"合法性、适当性和均衡性"的政府干预边界原则,选择分散型立法模式,以"先自愿再部分强制"的阶段性方案推进碳标识制度实施。

Carbon labeling system is widely used abroad for its substantive environmental effectiveness.In response to the green trade barriers,some enterprises in China have begun to attach carbon labels for the products,and by the end of 2016,the State Council enacted a series of policies including＂Suggestions on the establishment of a unified system of green product standards,certification and identification＂to promote the development of green labeling system.However,the deficiencies and vacancies in the existing law make the implementation of carbon identification system in multiple plights,among which choosing the mandatory or voluntary enforcement is to be solved urgently.Therefore,with the enlightenment of external experience,guided by indigenous need,using the government intervention boundary based on legitimacy,appropriateness and proportionality,this paper proposes to choose the decentralized legislation model to promote the implementation of the carbon identification system with the＂first voluntary and partial compulsory＂stage plan.