迈向复合型环境治理——我国环境政策的演变、发展与转型分析

An Analysis of the Evolving and Transformation of Chinese Environmental Protection Policy

我国的环境政策需要历史性分析视角,需要在社会转型、结构巨变的框架下进行研究。20世纪70年代起,我国的环境保护在与极左思想的斗争中逐步确立了合法性地位,又经过数十年发展才完成了环境政策法规体系的构建与完善,有关政策工具经历了一系列调整和变化,环境治理也从重点治理到全面治理,进而迈入了复合型治理的新的历史阶段。复合型环境治理既包括资源产权、生态红线及生态补偿等科学制度层面,也涵盖强化执法、环境监管及责任追究等行动层面,更重要的是体现在社会层面上的公众参与及多元共治。

The research of the Chinese environmental policy requires a historical analysis perspective under the observation of the social transformation and the structural changes.Since the 1970 s,the Chinese environmental protection started from the struggle with the ultra-left thinking,gradually established a legal status.After decades of development,a complex environmental policy system was built,and the policy means has undergone a series of adjustment and change.The environmental governance moved forward from the focus governance to comprehensive management,and then into the compound management in the new historical stage.The compound environmental management includes the resource protection system,the ecological red line and the ecological compensation mechanism.It also covers the action level such as the law enforcement,environmental supervision and accountability,and more importantly,it asks for public participation and multiple governance.