江西永新赣方言的结构助词标记

On the Markers of Structural Particle in Gan Dialect in Yongxin County,Jiangxi Province

定中关系和转指结构的助词标记,永新话有两类:一类是量词"个",另一类是指量短语"固个""固隻""固些"。"个"在南方地区使用普遍,而指量短语作结构助词标记是永新话等方言特有的现象。文章试图说明指量短语标记产生的动因:NP前的指量短语原来的作用是提高指别度。由于语用上的频繁使用,起强调作用的指量短语进入"修饰语+助词标记+中心语"这个框式结构以后,才由强调作用逐渐转为起连接作用并被赋予助词标记的功能。"个"的指别作用不如指量短语,最终虚化为基本没有指别意义的助词标记。文章对《汉语方言地图集》永新方言点的助词标记形式提出了质疑。

There are two types of particles for the modifier-head construction and transferred- denotation construction in Yongxin Gan dialect, Jiangxi province, i.e. the classifier [uo-1]个, and demonstrative-classifier （Dem-Cl） phrases including [ kuo ]固个, [ kua-1] and [kue-1]/[ke-1]固些. While [uo-1]个 is widely used in dialects in southern China, it is typologically unique for dialects represented by Yongxin vernacular to have the Dem-Cl phrase used as a structural particle. This paper proposes that the particle-like Dem-Cl phrase is resulted from its pre-NP position where it is originally used to enhance the NP＇s identifiability in reference. It is in the ＇modifier-particle-head＇ construction that the frequently-used Dem-C1 phrase develops from an identifiability emphasizer to a connecting particle. The mere use of the classifier [uo-t] ~＂ is not as sufficient to enhance NP identifiability as the Dem-C1 combination, which turns out to weaken as an reference-free particle. The paper also questions the particle paradigm proposed of Yongxin Gan dialect by Hanyu Fangyan Dituji 《汉语方言地图集》.