拜什塔木铜矿破碎软岩巷道的锚喷支护技术

Bolting and Shotcreting Technique for Fractured-soft Roadway Support Technology in Baishitamu Copper Mine

为解决拜什塔木铜矿破碎软岩巷道钢拱架支护效果差及成本高等难题,设计采用锚喷支护方式对其进行支护。首先,从锚喷支护作用机理方面对设计的支护方式进行了分析;然后,基于国家规范对锚杆支护参数进行了设计,提出了锚杆安装与技术要求;接着,基于正交设计对混凝土材料配合比进行了室内力学实验,根据3种理论对该矿混凝土合理喷射厚度进行了计算;最后,在该矿井下选定场地开展了锚喷支护试验,通过采用地压与位移等监测设备以及现场实际观测等方式,对支护方式优化前、后的巷道变化情况进行了对比分析。结果表明:采用锚喷支护方式后,软岩巷道的变形较小;从设备监测来看采用新的支护方式后,巷道的应力变化、收敛变形与位移波动均较矿山原有支护方案要小。锚喷支护有效改善了该矿软岩巷道的受力情况,提高了围岩支护效果。

The bolting and shotcreting was selected to support the fractured-soft roadway of Baishitamu copper mine（ BCM） to solve problems like bad supporting effects and high costs due to the previous steel arch support.Firstly,the mechanism of bolt shotcrete support was utilized to analyze the designed supporting method. Then,bolting parameters were designed according to the national regulation,and the related requirements,i. e.,installation and technical requirements of bolting,were proposed.Further,laboratory experiments on mix proportion of concrete were conducted according to orthogonal design,and the reasonable spraying thickness of concrete was calculated based on three kinds of theories. Finally,bolting and shotcreting support test was carried out in the selected place of BCM,then the purchased monitoring devices such as the drilling stress meters and multi-point displacement meters were employed to analyze the roadway variations before and after supporting mode optimization.The results show that deformation of the fractured-soft roadway is small due to the bolting and shotcreting support.From the monitoring results of the devices,after the new designed supporting method is employed,stress variation,convergent deformation and displacement fluctuation of the roadway are all less than that of the previous supporting method.Thus,it indicates that the bolting and shotcreting effectively improves the stress condition of the fractured-soft roadway and enhances the surrounding rock supporting effect.