硫化铜矿石选矿技术进展

Advances in Beneficiation Technology of Copper Sulfide Ore

硫化铜矿石资源是最常见、最重要的铜矿资源,提高硫化铜矿石选矿技术水平对保障供给、建设绿色生态矿山都具有重要意义。为提高相关选矿工作者的选矿技术水平,推动硫化铜矿石选矿技术进步,从分选工艺、浮选药剂、选矿理论等3方面介绍了我国硫化铜矿石的选矿技术现状:(1)在分选工艺方面,快速、分步优先浮选工艺充分体现了"快收、早收"理念,可有效预防已单体解离的有用矿物的过磨,降低后续分选的难度,节约生产成本;低碱度浮选工艺可大幅度降低石灰用量,消除后续选别作业的活化过程,减少设备与管道的结垢;铜多金属矿石的经典浮选工艺成熟性好、适应性强,是目前应用最广泛的浮选工艺;对于性质独特的硫化铜及其多金属矿石,则必须根据矿石性质的特点,组合运用多种分选手段进行处理。(2)在浮选药剂方面,主要体现在对新型、高效、针对性强的捕收剂、抑制剂的研制与应用,以及传统药剂的合理组合使用方面。这些年,在这2方面所取得的重大进步,有力地推动了贫细杂难选矿石的开发,缓解了我国铜等优质有色金属精矿的供需矛盾。(3)对于硫化铜矿石选矿理论方面的研究,主要从电子结构、矿石性质、矿浆含氧量和矿浆溶液化学等方面展开,为硫化铜矿石选矿技术的进步奠定了基础。

Copper sulfide ore resources is the most common and most important copper resources. It is of great significance to improve the level of copper sulfide ore dressing technology in protecting the security of supply and the construction of green ecological mines.In order to improve the level of beneficiation technology of relevant technical staff and the technological progress of copper sulfide ore dressing,the status quo of beneficiation technology of copper sulfide ore in China is introduced from three aspects： sorting process,flotation agent and ore dressing theory：（1）In the sorting process,the rapid and step-by-step flotation process fully embodies the concept of ＂ Fast and early collecting＂,which can effectively prevent the over grinding of liberated valuable ore,and lower the difficulty and cost of subsequent process; Low alkalinity flotation process can significantly reduce the cost of lime and eliminate the activation process of follow-up sorting operation,reduce the scale of equipment and pipelines; The classical flotation process of copper polymetallic ore are well developed and adaptable,and it is the most widely used in flotation process.For copper sulfide and its polymetallic ore,diverse sorting measures should be adopted to treat based on the characteristics of ore.（2）For the flotation agents,the development and application of collector and depressor mainly reflected in the new type,high efficiency and highly targeted,as well as the combination of traditional agents and significant progress has been made in these two aspects in the recent years,which effectively promoted the development of lean and complex ore,easing the contradiction between demand and supply of China＇ s copper and other non-ferrous metal concentrate.（3） The study on the theory of beneficiation of copper sulfide ore is mainly based on the electronic structure,the nature of ore,the oxygen content of pulp and the chemistry of slurry solution,which lays the foundation for the beneficiation progress of copper ore.