不同蜂种为紫花苜蓿授粉的行为与效果研究

Study on Pollinating Behavior and Effect of Different Bees for Alfalfa

通过自然调查及田间试验处理,对不同授粉方式下紫花苜蓿的授粉行为、授粉效果进行了研究。结果表明,自然条件下紫花苜蓿的访花昆虫主要有切叶蜂、蜜蜂、熊蜂、木蜂,除此以外,还有瓢虫和一些蝇类,其中,切叶蜂的访花时间最短、访花频率最高、打开龙骨瓣的速度最快,是紫花苜蓿的最佳授粉昆虫,其次是蜜蜂;但不同蜂种处理的授粉效果差异不显著,而且蜜蜂人工饲养技术成熟、蜂群数量大,可解决紫花苜蓿大面积种植中存在的野生蜂不足、无法完全授粉、种子产量低等问题。

The pollination behavior and effect of alfalfa in different methods were studied by natural investigation and field experiment.The result showed that the mainly pollination insects for alfalfa were leafcutting bee,honeybee,bumblebee,carpenter bee,and including a few of beetles and flies.With the shortest flower visiting time,the highest flower visiting frequency and the fast speed of carina opening,the leafcutting bee was the optimum insect for alfalfa pollination,but there was no difference in the seed-set rate with honeybee.So because of the low price and the mature feeding techniques,the honeybee could provide a good service for area of alfalfa widely planted.In this case,the problem of insufficient wild wasp,uncompleted pollination and low seed yield can be solved for the widely planted alfalfa.