科学治理的结构转型——一个分析框架的构建

The structural transformation of scientific governance:Analytical framework in construction

随着学院科学向后学院科学的转型,科学共同体与政府、企业、公众之间形塑了一种以结盟、嵌套和公众缺场为主要特征的"漏斗"形治理结构。这一结构尽管推动了科学技术的迅猛发展,但却导致了社会风险的扩大和社会问题的增加,加剧了科学与社会的紧张关系。从根本上来说,科学技术是嵌入于社会的。因此,科学技术只有与社会保持均衡的张力,才能既造福社会又不危及社会。而要保持这种均衡的张力,就必须建构科学技术的对称性治理结构。立基于此,论文从科学治理已有的研究进路和实践历程出发,在对"漏斗"形结构进行建模和批判的基础上,提出了构建对称均衡的"菱形"治理新结构,认为建立分布式的"科学共和国"、重塑公众的功能与结构位置、确定四大主体的系统边界、发展边界间的中介组织和"科学掮客"、以及设置主体间的民主协商平台等是建构"菱形"治理结构的基本要件。

With the transformation from academy science to post-academy science,the scientific community and the government,enterprises,the public form a funnel-shaped structure,which the main features are alliance,nested and public absence. The structure although has promoted the rapid development of science and technology,but led to the expansion of social risks and the increase in the problem,which further exacerbated the tense relationship between science and society. Fundamentally,science and Technology embeds in society. Therefore,science and society must keep balanced tension in order to benefit and not endanger the society. For the balanced tension,we should construct a symmetrical governance structure of science. Based on the theoretical basis and practice of scientific governance,the paper proposes a diamond-shaped to replace the funnel-shape of governance structure. The new governance structure requires to establish distributed ＂ scientific republic＂,reshape the public＇s function and structure position,determine the system boundaries,develop intermediary organization and ＂ scientific brokers＂,set the democratic consultation platform.