陇中干旱区草粮兼顾型生态农业模式构建

Construction of eco-agriculture model based on integrated development of forage and crop in Longzhong semi-arid regions

陇中黄土高原丘陵区具有旱灾频繁、地形破碎、水土流失严重等特点,是我国主要的生态脆弱区。在国家生态文明建设的时代背景下,如何实现生态保护前提下的绿色经济发展之路,这不仅是技术革命,更是理念变革。分析了陇中干旱农业系统面临的传统粮草牧轮作方式多样性遗弃、农业生态环境持续变差、年轻农业劳动力外流等问题,提出将传统农耕文明与现代科技文明有机融合,深度挖掘区域自然禀赋,探索了人与自然和谐的草粮兼顾型生态农业的发展理念、基本思路和发展模式:1)坚持环境生态化、农产品商品化、农村文化现代化的系统性理念;2)奉行让餐桌指挥农田,农田为餐桌服务,企业带动农民合作社,使生产、加工和销售融合发展的理念;3)在农业土地经营中,坚持生态保护与生态建设优先,田园综合经营管理,通过粮改饲和旱作农业技术革新,实现杂粮与牧草轮作种植,建立粮、草、林、畜、禽协同发展的农作制度,保障社会对农产品多元化和食品安全;4)依托乡土食材消费需求拉动,加工企业与农民合作社联营,农产品标准化订单种植生产,市场信息反馈,促进农业要素的重组耦合,实现农产品的增值提效;5)培训扶持懂技术、会管理的能人,牵头领办农民合作社,组织土地流转,设计田间生产。

Longzhong semi-arid regions are typical ecological fragile zone of China,and are characterized by the hilly and mountainous topography with serious drought,fragile landscape,and water loss and soil erosion.Under the background of the national ecological civilization policy,implementing the green economic development is not only the technological revolution,but also wasconcept innovation.An eco-agriculture model was constructed and explored in this paper,based on human living harmony with nature.The model was inherited Chinese traditional farming civilization,and was incorporated modernized civilization and regional natural endowments.The diversity farming system of crop and forage rotation was abandoned,and agricultural environment condition was becoming deterioration and agricultural laborwent to work in cities.These issueswere analyzed,and development ideas and model were proposed in this paper.1） Idea of integrity and system was proposed after considering environmental ecologicalization,commercialization of agricultural products and modernization of rural culture.2） Agricultural products were driven by foods on table.Farmer cooperationorganization was guided by processing enterprise.Farming production,processing and selling are integrated together.3） Ecological protection and construction priority were insisted in agricultural land management.forage and crop are rotated in cultivation after converting cropping lands into grassland and technical reform on rain-fed farming lands.Farming system of integrity development on crop,grass,forestry and livestock was established after managing comprehensively on cropping lands and grassland,and guarantying the safety of agricultural products and.4） Foods consumption driving,processing company and farmer cooperation should be joined together.The market information feedback and order planting farm should be established.With agricultural elements were coupled,the commercialization of farming products and improvement of yield and value would be achieved.5） Farmers with high techniques and skills should lead to establish farmer cooperation,and to organize farmer cooperation in land conversion and field production activities design.