海水环境中金属材料腐蚀磨损及耐磨防腐一体化技术的研究进展

Corrosive Wear and Integrated Anti-wear & Anti-corrosion Technology Metallic Materials in Seawater

随着"建设海洋强国"战略的实施,发展海洋装备、建设海洋工程成为推进和实施国家海洋战略的重要内容。鉴于海洋装备长期服役于海洋环境,因此海洋工程材料的腐蚀损伤是不可回避的关键问题,尤其是海洋装备中的运转部件,如海水泵、阀、海水液压传动系统、水下作业机器手、深海勘探和开采装备等面临腐蚀与磨损的耦合损伤。基于此,针对典型金属材料在海水环境中的腐蚀磨损失效行为及机理,综述了服役工况、腐蚀介质、电化学及材料因素对典型金属材料(如不锈钢、钛合金、铝合金、镍合金)在海水环境中腐蚀磨损性能的影响,综合分析了服役工况、腐蚀介质浓度、p H值、外加电位与材料性能之间的关系,阐明了金属材料腐蚀磨损过程中腐蚀、磨损及其交互作用。在此基础上,对比了一系列耐磨与防腐一体化涂层技术,如PVD涂层、热喷涂涂层、电镀涂层及聚合物粘结涂层的腐蚀磨损性能及典型应用,分析了耐磨与防腐一体化防护材料对腐蚀磨损性能的优化机理,以期为解决金属材料的腐蚀磨损问题提供有益借鉴。

With the implementation of the strategy ＂establishing a maritime power＂, developing marine equipment and building marine engineering have become vital part of promoting and implementing national maritime strategy. In view of the fact that marine equipment continually serves in ocean environment, corrosion damage of marine engineering materials has become a key problem. In particular, moving parts in marine equipment, such as seawater pumps, valves, seawater hydraulic transmission systems, underwater operation robot arm, deep sea exploration and exploitation equipment, are subject to coupled damage of corrosive wear. Hence, allowing for corrosive wear failure behavior and mechanism of typical metallic materials, the effects of service conditions, corrosive medium, electrochemical and material factors on corrosive wear properties of typical metallic materials（stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, nickel alloy, etc.） in seawater were reviewed. The relationship between service conditions, corrosive medium concentration, p H value, applied potential and material factors was analyzed comprehensively. The corrosion, wear and their interaction during corrosive wear process of metallic materials were expounded. A series of integrated anti-wear anti-corrosion coating technologies, such as corrosive wear properties and typical application of PVD coating, thermal spraying coating, electroplating coating and polymer bonding coating were compared on this basis. Mechanism of optimizing corrosive wear properties with the integrative protective material was analyzed, so as to provide helpful enlightenment for resolving corrosive wear problems of metallic materials.