冷喷涂设备及冷喷涂技术应用研究进展

Application of Cold Spraying Equipment and Cold Spraying Technology

冷喷涂技术相比于传统热喷涂技术有许多优势,例如喷涂温度低,涂层氧含量低,孔隙率低,在喷涂过程中不易发生氧化、烧损、相变等现象,这使得传统喷涂技术难以制备的氧敏感、热敏感、非晶、纳米材料涂层成为可能。从冷喷涂技术原理出发,介绍了各类冷喷涂设备及冷喷涂涂层的沉积机理,详细阐述了冷喷涂涂层结合机理和结合方式(机械咬合、物理结合、冶金结合、化学结合),介绍了各类冷喷涂装备(高压和低压冷喷涂系统、真空冷喷涂系统、激光辅助冷喷涂系统、静电辅助冷喷涂系统、脉冲气体冷喷涂系统和激波风洞冷喷涂系统)及其研究现状。综述了近几年冷喷涂技术在防腐涂层、耐磨涂层、生物医用、抗菌涂层、电子工业、功能涂层、修复与再制造等领域的研究和应用现状,最后对冷喷涂技术的应用和发展前景进行了展望。

Cold spraying technology has many advantages over traditional thermal spraying technology, such as low spraying temperature, low oxygen content in coating, low porosity, and unlikely occurrence of oxidation, burning loss and phase change in the spraying process. Consequently, it is possible to prepare（such as oxygen-sensitive, heat-sensitive, amorphous, nanomaterial） coatings which are hardly prepared by conventional spraying techniques. Proceeding from principle of cold spraying technology, various cold spraying equipment and deposition mechanism of cold sprayed coating were introduced, bonding mechanism and bonding forms（mechanical meshing, physical bonding, metallurgical bonding, chemical bonding） of cold sprayed coating were expounded. Various cold spraying equipment（high-pressure cold spraying system, low-pressure cold spraying system, vacuum-cold spraying system, laser-assisted cold spraying system, electrostatic force-assisted cold spraying system, pulsed-gas dynamic spraying system, shock tunnel cold spraying system） and corresponding research status were described. Re-search and application progress of cold spraying technology in anticorrosive coating, wear-resistant coating, biomedicine, antibacterial coating, electronic industry, functional coating, repair and remanufacturing in recent years was reviewed. Finally, application and future development of cold spraying technology were prospected.