2017年上半年我国部分地区饲料及饲料原料中霉菌毒素的污染状况分析

Investigation of mycotoxins contamination in feeds and feed ingredients in the first half of 2017 in some parts of China

应用酶联免疫吸附法结合高效液相色谱对我国部分地区饲料及原料中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)3种霉菌毒素的含量进行检测。结果表明:356份样品中AFB1、ZEN和DON检出率分别是87.8%、95.0%和98.3%,平均含量分别为11.2、689.0和1 855.2μg/kg,说明我国部分地区饲料及饲料原料霉菌毒素污染比较普遍。玉米、玉米副产物、配合饲料和粕类中ZEN和DON污染较严重,AFB1污染主要存在于粕类中,青贮料及发酵料中3种霉菌毒素的污染程度相对较轻,但污染范围较广,建议饲料生产企业应加强对饲料和饲料原料的品控管理。

Three kinds of mycotoxins （aflatoxins B1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol） were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The results showed that the positive rates of aflatoxins B1 （AFBx）, zearalenone （ZEN） and deoxynivalenol （DON） in 356 feeds and feedstuffs were 87.8%, 95.0 % and 98.3 %, respectively. Their average contents were 11.2, 689.0 and 1 855.2 μg/kg, respectively, suggesting that mycotoxin contamination of feed and feed ingredients were serious in some regions of China. ZEN and DON contaminations in maize and by-products, feed and meal were serious, while AFBI contamination was more serious in meal, and three kinds of mycotoxins contamination in silage and fermented feed were not serious, buthad a wide range of pollution. These results indicated that the feed production enterprises should strengthen the management of feedstuffs and feed-products.