数据保护的三重进路——评新浪微博诉脉脉不正当竞争案

Three Approaches to Data Protection: Comment on the Case of Weibo Accusing Maimai of Unfair Competition

尽管《中华人民共和国民法总则》已将"数据"纳入"民事权利"一章,但其法律定位和保护方式远未明确。中国数据不正当竞争第一案——新浪微博诉脉脉不正当竞争案展示出两造及法院对于用户数据的不同理解。在商业秘密、反不正当竞争法一般条款和数据财产化的三重数据保护进路中,数据权的设计不但能为数据提供最佳保障,而且通过与个人信息权的折冲与调和,最终促成一套可预期性和灵活性兼备的数据保护制度。

Although＂data＂has been included in the chapter of＂Civil Rights＂in The Civil Law of the People＇s Republic of China,its legal status and approaches to protection are far from certainty. The first case of unfair competition for data in China-Sina Weibo accusing Maimai of unfair completion-reflects different understanding of user data by different parties： the plaintiff,the defendant and the court. Among the three approaches to date protection,namely,trade secret protection,the general clause of anti-unfair competition law and data propertization,the right to data can provide the best protection of data,and what＇s more,its reconciliation with the right to personal information may facilitate the formation of a predictable and flexible data protection system.