重庆市柑橘园土壤养分现状研究

Study on Nutrient Status of Citrus Orchard Soil in Chongqing

采集了重庆市柑橘主产区104个柑橘园0~30 cm的土壤样品进行土壤养分状况分析。结果表明,重庆有90.5%柑橘园土壤p H适合柑橘生长;有87.5%的柑橘园土壤有机质含量偏低;土壤速效氮和有效磷缺乏的柑橘园分别占到77.9%和55.8%,土壤速效钾缺乏和过量并存;柑橘园土壤缺乏有效硫、钙、镁、硼、锰、铜、铁和锌的比例分别为24.0%、13.5%、44.2%、92.4%、35.6%、45.2%、41.3%和72.1%;部分柑橘园的土壤有效钙、镁、铁、锰和铜含量存在过量现象,分别占所有调查柑橘园的54.8%、6.7%、21.2%、16.4%和4.8%;除土壤p H与有效硼外,大部分柑橘园土壤农化样的有机质与其他有效养分含量均高于土壤背景样。因此,该区柑橘生产需根据果园所处地形、土壤养分与管理措施等条件合理施肥,建议在柑橘园增施硼、锌肥,同时要控制含微量元素的农药施用量。

Top soil（0—30 cm） samples were collected from 104 citrus orchards in Chongqing, and p H, SOM content and available nutrient contents were measured. The results showed that, for citrus growth, p H values of 90.5% samples were suitable, SOM contents of 87.5% samples were low, and the deficiency rates of available N and P were 77.9% and 55.8%, respectively, the deficiency rates of available S, Ca, Mg, B, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn were 24.0%, 13.5%, 44.2%, 92.4%, 35.6%, 45.2%, 41.3% and 72.1%, respectively. Meanwhile 54.8%, 6.7%, 21.2%, 16.4% and 4.8% of samples were excessive in available Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu contents, respectively. Except soil p H and available B, SOM and other nutrient contents of agricultural soil were higher than those of background soil in most citrus orchards. Therefore, more B and Zn fertilizers but less fungicide containing microelements should be used in the citrus orchards.