外商直接投资提高中国工业企业生产率了吗?

Does Foreign Direct Investment Improve the Productivity of Chinese Industrial Enterprises?

基于2000-2013年中国工业企业数据库的微观企业数据,该文采用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)创新性地在企业集群视角下同时考察了FDI对外资企业生产率的直接影响和对本土企业生产率的间接影响,并进一步检验了规模、密度、资历等企业异质性特征对两种生产率效应的影响。结果显示,一方面,FDI直接提高了外资企业的生产率,且这一直接效应会随着集群内外资企业规模的增大而减小,并在公用事业领域和资本密集型行业中更为突出;另一方面,FDI间接提升了本土企业的生产率,集群中规模越小、资历越年轻的外资企业对本土企业的生产率带动作用更为显著;而在企业规模、生产基础、研发活动、资本存量等方面占据优势的本土企业吸收能力更强,更容易在集群中受益于FDI的间接效应。

By adopting the micro firm-level data from the ＂ China industrial enterprise database＂ over the 2000--2013 period and using the PSM method, this paper simultaneously estimates direct and indirect effects of FDI on the productivity of foreign and domestic firms under the perspective of heterogeneous enterprise clusters and it further tests the impacts of scale, density, qualification and other heterogeneous enterprise characteristics on the productivity of foreign and domestic firms. The results show that, on the one hand, FDI directly increases the productivity of foreign firms. This direct impact will diminish with the increase of foreign firms in the cluster and becomes more significant in the field of public utilities and capital-intensive industries. On the other hand, FDI indirectly improves the productivity of domestic firms. The effect is more pronounced for domestic firms whose productivity is driven by smaller and newer foreign firms, and for domestic firms of powerful absorptive capacity, which are more advantageous in scale, production basis, R＆D activities and stock of capital.