法哲学视域下的暴力批判——本雅明纯粹暴力理论研究

Research of Benjamin's Critique of Violence Under the Perspective of Law philosophy

自然法学派同实证法学派之间的论争是长久以来法哲学领域中的一个重要问题。这一争论的核心问题是应该如何理解法律和政权之间的关系。在现实的政治生活中,法律的执行同主权者是密不可分的,自然法意义上的法律的正义性在极权国家中极易沦为政治阴谋的幌子。如果我们想解决那些法律功能范畴之外的因素所导致的恶,就必须暂时把法律的道德目的 "悬置"起来。本雅明《暴力批判》的写作目的就是提出一种超越自然法与实证法的"手段——目的模式"的暴力行为,以真正对抗资本主义国家的压迫。通过分析暴力与法的关系,本雅明敏锐地指出了暴力与法之间不易察觉的亲缘关系。

The argument between natural law school and positive law school has been an important question in the field of philosophy of right for a long time. The core of the argument is that how to understand the relationship between laws and political power. In the political life of reality,we can＇t separate the enforcement of the law from sovereign. The law justice in the sense of natural law is easily to be used as the cover of political intrigue in the totalitarian states. If we went to solve the evil caused by the factors beyond the legal function category,we must‘suspend＇the moral purpose of law temporarily. The aim of Benjamin＇s Critique of Violence is to put forward a kind of violence over the method-goal pattern of natural law and positive law,and is to use the violence against the oppression of capitalist countries. By analyzing the relationship between violence and law,Benjamin pointed out the subtle relationship between violence and law.