论表见证明

On Prima Facie Proof

作为经由判例发展而成的证明方法,表见证明在强化法官心证、纾解当事人关于因果关系及过错的证明困难及法安定性等具有重要意义。鉴于事实推定在适用上存在诸多问题,学界关于表见证明为数不多的讨论中,存在"引入表见证明取代事实推定"和"吸收表见证明功能完善事实推定"两种立场,但均存在难以克服的局限。确立表见证明制度,并以盖然性的强度为标准类型化经验法则,构建事实推定与表见证明"二元"并轨制,或更有助于实现法官心证客观化。

As a proof way developed from the German Judicial precedent,the prima facie proof is of great significance on strengthening the judge in free evaluation of evidence,relieving the party in the proof difficult in terms of causality and fault and maintaining the procedural fairness and the stabilization of law. Due to the problems in the factual presumption,the discussion in scholars about the free evaluation of the evidence has two distinct points in introducing the prima facie proof to replace the factual presumption or absorbing the prima facie proof to improve the factual presumption. But the points are somehow insurmountable limit. To build the system of prima facie proof with an empirical rule of probability as a standard and the coexisting system of factual presumption and prima facie proof will be help to the free evaluation of the evidence objectification.