宗教与当代外交：历史、理论与实践

Religion and Diplomacy in the Contemporary Era:History,Theory,and Practice

在全球化深入发展、宗教复兴与世俗化复杂交织的格局下,世界多国在整体外交中程度不同地援引宗教因素。各国在整体外交中借鉴宗教话语、整合宗教理念、借助宗教渊源、起用精通宗教事务的人才、创建援引宗教因素的新型外交机制和与国内外宗教组织合作,从而巩固国家战略安全、构建话语权、形塑软实力、进行和平构建和冲突解决。非国家行为体从多层面不同程度进入主权国家治理空间,主权国家亦通过整体外交多层面达成外交目标,援引宗教因素的外交体现出这两股力量博弈而产生的动态平衡。宗教因素促使外交目标、渠道和影响不断丰富发展,外交行为进一步复杂化和扩大化,当前主权国家由此面临新挑战与新契机。对此,主权国家外交若援引宗教因素应考虑如何扬长避短、如何在全球、地区、国家和地方各层面综合考量本国国家利益、如何将各国推进中长期战略所形成的格局转换纳入长期战略和政策考虑。

With deepening globalization,the resurgence of religion and secularization are interacting in a complex way.Many countries,to varying degrees,have taken into consideration the religious factor in their all-round diplomacy.They refer to religious discourses,integrate religious beliefs,resort to religious origins,utilize the talents well versed in religious affairs,establish new faith-based diplomatic mechanisms,and cooperate with religious organizations at home and abroad.The objective is to strengthen national strategic security,enhance discourse power,build soft power,and construct peace and resolve conflicts.These developments reflect the dynamic balance between non-state actors,which have entered the governance space traditionally reserved for sovereign states through different channels,and sovereign states,which try to accomplish their diplomatic goals abroad through all-round diplomacy.The goals,channels and influences of diplomacy have been diversified due to religious factors,and diplomatic actions have become so complex and all-encompassing that sovereign states are now facing new opportunities and challenges.Therefore,when conducting faith-based diplomacy,it is imperative for sovereign states,to play to its own strength,to have a comprehensive assessment of national interests at the global,regional,national and local level,and to incorporate the structural transition brought about by other countries' medium-and long-term strategy into its own long-term strategy and policy deliberations.