试析移民社群对当代美国外交的影响

The Influence of Diaspora on Contemporary American Diplomacy

美国移民社群外交是指一个或一系列明确并系统的政策计划,其目的是借助移民社群的资源及其与祖籍国之间的经济、社会和文化关系,以提高美国的发展援助与公共外交等政策有效性。目前,美国这些政策计划尚未建立高度正式和结构化方式,而主要是采取全球公私伙伴关系这种制度化形式。通过全球移民社群论坛、非洲移民社群市场、国际移民社群协作联盟三个机制可以看出,美国移民社群外交展现出不同于传统外交的环境、行为体、机制方面的重大变化。美国移民社群外交首次通过制度化方式将移民社群纳入美国外交体系中。

American diaspora diplomacy refers to one or a series of clear and systematic policy plans aimed at improving the effectiveness of development assistance and public diplomacy by means of the resources of diaspora and their economic,social and cultural relations with the homeland.America has not yet established a highly formal approach to these policy plans,but diaspora diplomacy has been conducted mainly through institutionalized global public—private partnerships.Through the Global Diaspora Forum,the African Diaspora Market,and the International Diaspora Engagement Alliance,American diaspora diplomacy exhibits differentcharacteristics from the traditional diplomacy in terms of environment,actors and mechanisms.American diaspora diplomacy has for the first time institutionally incorporated diaspora into its diplomatic system.