深圳市1-7岁儿童特应性皮炎流行病学调查

Atopic dermatitis in children aged 1 - 7 years in Shenzhen city： an epidemiological study

目的 了解深圳市1-7岁儿童特应性皮炎（AD）的患病情况及影响因素，分析不同标准诊断结果差异。方法 2013年12月1日至2014年3月1日采用问卷与体检相结合的方式调查深圳市1-7岁儿童AD的患病情况。结果 共纳入1 504名儿童，其中男716例、女788例。以有经验皮肤科医生的临床诊断为标准，AD总患病率为11.84%（178例），男性患病率为11.73%（84例），女性为11.93%（94例）。男性与女性患病率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.01，P 〉 0.05）。基于Williams诊断标准，AD总患病率为3.92%（59例），男性患病率为4.05%（29例），女性为3.81%（30例）。早产是AD发病的危险因素（χ2 = 5.43，P 〈 0.05）。结论 深圳市1-7岁儿童AD患病率明显上升，早产是AD的危险因素；以有经验皮肤科医生的临床诊断作为标准可以减少AD漏诊。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of and influencing factors for atopic dermatitis（AD）in children aged 1 - 7 years in Shenzhen city, and to analyze difference in diagnostic results between two diagnostic criteria. Methods From December 1st 2013 to March 1st 2014, a questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted to investigate the prevalence of AD in children aged 1 - 7 years in Shenzhen city. Results A total of 1 504 children were enrolled into this study, including 716 males and 788 females. Based on the clinical diagnosis by experienced dermatologists, the prevalence of AD was 11.84% （178/1 504） in total, 11.73% （84/716） and 11.93% （94/788） in males and females, respectively, and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of AD between males and females （χ2 = 0.01, P 〉 0.05）. Based on the Williams′ diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of AD was 3.92% （59/1 504） in total, and 4.05% （29/716） and 3.81% （30/788） in males and females, respectively. Premature birth was a risk factor for the occurrence of AD（χ2 = 5.43, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The prevalence of AD is evidently increased among children aged 1 - 7 years in Shenzhen city, and premature birth is a risk factor for AD. Missed diagnosis will be reduced based on clinical diagnosis by experienced dermatologists.