“集体供养”:集体产权改革后的农村养老新次生模式——兼论农村传统养老模式

"The collective endowment":the secondary mode of rural endowment after the collective property rights reform——and the traditional rural pension model

在传统伦理价值沦陷的村庄,基于"反馈"理念下的家庭养老模式遭遇了变故,老年人只能开启"自养模式"。由于在劳动力市场上丧失了竞争优势,老年人只能依靠在家耕种土地维持基本生存,实现个体养老。与内陆集体经济落后地区的农村不同,珠江三角洲地区的农村由于集体经济发达,农村集体经济组织能够用集体经济收益展开以村、组两级集体经济组织为单位的养老供给机制。通过以村集体为单位为老年人购买养老保险,提供股份分红以及开展各项福利性活动,形成了中国经济发达地区农村"集体供养老人"的新次生模式。然而,研究发现,"集体供养"模式也潜伏着巨大的风险。因过度依赖村集体,家庭成员的养老意识明显下降;因集体股面临被取消,集体组织养老负荷重。在此基础上文章提出,农村养老问题的解决应同时重视发挥村集体和家庭的双重作用,要让老年人既能感受到村社集体的温暖,也能够享受家庭带来的天伦之乐。

With the falling of traditional ethical value of the village,Family pension mode based on the feedback is unsustainable.Old people without labor competitiveness began to feed themselves by farming.Different from those in the inland villages,elderly people have more choices in economically developed rural areas.The collective can provide the elderly with endowment resources.By purchasing social insurances,offering share bonus and carrying out various welfare activities,a new secondary mode forms,which is called ＂collective pension＂ in the developed areas of China.However,the study found that this model has a huge risk.The pension awareness of the members of the family is significantly decreased,which even caused family intergenerational exploitation.Due to excessive dependence on the village collective,some families even began to stay away from the elderly.To solve the problem of the elderly in rural areas should also attach importance to the role of the family,so that the elderly can not only feel the warmth of the village collective,but also be able to enjoy family happiness.