《尚书》中西翻译述论

A Brief Introduction on the Translation of Shang Shu in China and the West

上古之书《尚书》承载着华夏最古老的文明与智慧,自17世纪起,即有拉丁语、法语等多语种《尚书》译本在西方传播,不同时期诸多译者对《尚书》进行了风格各异的翻译。17-18世纪,早期来华的耶稣会士试图以基督教义调和儒家经典以利于其传教而译经,译文以拉丁语和法语为主;19世纪,除了延续第一代传教士的传教策略,英、法新教传教士们也对《尚书》的历史、科学及思想文化内涵等进行学术研究,翻译更为专业化,以英文译本为主,出现了理雅各的"标准译本",促进了西方汉学的发展;20世纪以来,译者们更为注重对《尚书》蕴藏深厚的中国历史、政治、伦理、哲学思想等进行多元文化解读,译者身份也不再几乎全是西方的传教士,而是既有中西方的世俗学者、汉学家与翻译家,也有占星家、作家等。诸多的翻译都有各自的价值,译无定译,《尚书》的翻译与研究仍有待拓展。

The ancient book Shang Shu carrying the oldest civilization and wisdom of ancient China,was already translated and transmitted to the West in Latin,French and other languages since the 17^（th） Century. The translators in different periods translated it in different styles： From the 17^（th） to the 18^（th） century,the Jesuits who came to China earlier translated Shang Shu mainly in Latin and French and tried to reconcile the biblical doctrine with the Confucian canon in it for their missionary work; During the 19^th century,Protestant missionaries from England and France carried on the missionary strategies of the first generation,while engaging academic research on the history,science and cultural etc. in Shang Shu,so that their translation works which were mainly in English were more professional,and James Legge＇s rendition of Shang Shu was esteemed as the ＂standard translation＂of Confucian classics. All these promoted the development of the Western Sinology; From the 20^（th） Century onward the translators pay more attention to the multicultural interpretation of Chinese history,politics,ethics and philosophy etc. in Shang Shu,and they were no longer nearly all western missionaries,sinologists and other secular scholars,translators join the ranks of the translators and interpreters as well as astrologers,writers etc.. All these different versions have their own value. As is known,no translation is perfect,the area of the translation and research of Shang Shu still need to be further expanded.