中国工业节能减排效率的地区差异与因素分解

Regional differences and factor decomposition of the efficiency of industrial energy-saving and emission reduction in China

充分考虑到中国不同区域工业节能减排技术的异质性特征,利用Meta-frontier理论与方向性距离函数测算2006-2015年间中国30个省份、三大区域的工业节能减排效率并分析其地区差距,运用"技术差距比(TGR)"指标衡量东部、中部与西部三大区域之间工业节能减排技术的差距,并将各省份工业节能减排无效率分解为"技术差距无效率(TGI)"与"管理无效率(GMI)",以此揭示工业节能减排效率缺失的真正原因。实证结果表明:1.中国工业节能减排整体水平偏低,效率仅为0.3096,能源节约与污染减排潜力巨大;2.中国工业节能减排效率与节能减排技术的地区差异显著,东部地区明显高于中西部地区,且东部地区与中西部地区之间的技术差距有进一步扩大的风险,而中西部地区间的技术差距在缩小;3.因素分解结果表明,"管理无效率"是抑制中国工业节能减排效率提升的主要原因。

With fully consideration of the heterogeneity of technology of industrial energy - saving and emission reduction in different regions of China, calculating scientifically the efficiency of industrial energy - saving and e- mission reduction of 30 provinces and three regions in China from 2006 to 2015, and analyzing its regional dis-parities under the frame of meta - frontier approach by using the theory of directional distance function, the paper measures the technology gap of industrial energy - saving and emission reduction between the eastern, central and western areas by using the technological gap ratio （ TGR）. The paper also reveals the real causes of the lack of the efficiency of industrial energy - saving and emission reduction by decomposing the inefficiency of industrial energy - saving and emission reduction into “ technological gap inefficiency （TGI）” and “ managerial inefficiency （GMI） . The empirical results show that the overall level of China5 s industrial energy - saving and emission re-duction is low with the indicator of only 0. 3096, and there is great potential for energy - saving and emission re-duction. In addition, it is found that there exist significant regional differences in China？ s industrial energy - saving and emission reduction efficiency and technology. The eastern regions are distinctly of higher level than the central and western regions, and the technological gaps between the eastern regions and the central and west-ern regions are at the risk of further expanding, while the gaps between the central and western regions are narro-wing. It is also concluded that the “managerial inefficiency” is the main cause for restraining the efficiency of in- dustrial energy - saving and emission reduction in China.