近代日本社会变迁中的新宗教与中国——以天理教为中心

New Religionin ModernJapanese Social Transition and China——Focusing on Tenrikyo

幕末明治初年的社会动乱以及20世纪20年代各种大众运动造成的社会不稳致使两次新宗教团体集中出现;新宗教团体具有创始人患病或家庭不幸的普通社会人、积极发展信徒、追求现实利益、组织机构较为完善等特征;最初新宗教团体的教义与政府政策、国家意识形态存在矛盾,因而新宗教常常遭到政府的取缔或镇压,但教团为获得本身的发展逐渐修改其教义并支持国家的对外侵略扩张政策。

New religion groups emerged in large numbers during the social turmoil from the end of the Edo period to the beginning of the Meiji period and the social movement of 1920 s.The characteristics of new religion group are as following,the founder is sickened or common social people are with an unfortunate family,the group would develop their believers energeticallyand ask for real interest,the organization is perfect,etc.At first,their doctrines were in contradiction with the government policy and national ideology,therefore the new religion was often banned or suppressed by the government.The new religion groups gradually revised their doctrine and began to support the government's aggressive and expansive policy in order to developthemselves.