汽车保险杠系统吸能盒结构参数对低速碰撞下吸能特性的影响

The Influences of Structural Parameters of Energy-Absorbing Box for Automobile Bumper on the Energy Absorption Characteristics During Low Speed Collision

针对吸能盒在汽车低速碰撞下无法更加有效地吸收碰撞能以保护车身和减轻乘员伤害的问题,提出利用铝合金吸能盒结构有限元模型优化其吸能特性的方法。该方法基于碰撞理论和变量参数法,采用吸能量、变形量和碰撞力峰值作为评价指标,研究吸能盒壁厚、截面形状对吸能特性的影响。进一步探讨了V型诱导槽对吸能盒吸能特性的影响;得到了对吸能特性影响更为突出的结构。实验结果表明,适当地增加吸能盒壁厚,可提高吸能盒的吸能特性和吸能潜力;与圆形截面相比,六边形和八边形截面吸能盒的吸能量分别提高了6.2%和19.3%,正方形截面吸能盒的吸能量下降了5.44%;与普通吸能盒相比,分别添加1V、2V、3V型诱导槽的吸能盒可提高吸能量约16%,而诱导槽数的变化对吸能盒吸能特性的改善并不明显。与壁厚和诱导槽数对吸能特性的影响相比,吸能盒的截面形状和有无V型诱导槽对吸能特性的影响更为突出,与原吸能盒相比,带有V型诱导槽的八边形吸能盒的吸能特性有了显著提升。

A finite element model of the aluminum alloy energy-absorbing box is proposed to improve the problem that the energy-absorbing box cannot effectively absorb energy and reduce damages to pedestrians during vehicle＇s low-speed collisions. The energy absorption characteristics of the proposed energy-absorbing box with different thickness and different crosssection shapes are analyzed and compared.Moreover,the influence of V-shaped slot on the energy absorption characteristics of the box is further discussed.The results show that the energy absorption characteristics and potential energy absorption of the box are improved by increasing its wall thickness.The energy absorption characteristics of the box with octagon section is the best,while the energy absorption characteristics of the box with square section is the worst among the circular,square,hexagonal and octagon cross sections.Moreover,the energy absorption characteristics are improved by adding 1 V、2 V、3 V-shaped groove on theenergy-absorbing box.However,the number of the V-shaped grooves has no clear influence on changing the energy absorption characteristics of the box.