中国苜蓿属植物适宜性区划

Chinese alfalfa habitat suitability regionalization

苜蓿(Medicago)是我国大面积种植的多年生牧草种之一,素有"牧草之王"的美誉,近年来,随着我国草地畜牧业的快速发展,苜蓿的种植面积正逐年增加,如何选择适宜的苜蓿在适宜的区域种植,对指导大面积作业尤为重要。本研究在吸收借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,建立基于自然要素的生态适宜性模型,结合牧草生物学特性,综合考虑各因子同时联系牧草实际生产情况,进行系统分析。研究结果初步明确了苜蓿属植物在全国生态范围内的分布区域,提出了我国苜蓿生态适宜区、次适宜区、不适宜区。其中,适宜区主要分布为:东北区主要集中在吉林、辽宁的中西部及黑龙江东部部分市县;内蒙古区集中在东部的赤峰市、通辽市及兴安盟等,西部的乌兰察布盟、呼和浩特市、鄂尔多斯市等;西北区主要集中在甘肃省的河西走廊,新疆的伊犁地区、昌吉回族自治区及塔里木盆地周边地区,同时在主干河流建立缓冲带作为苜蓿的适宜区;青藏高原区适宜区比较少,青海主要集中在西宁市、海东地区、黄南藏族自治州及海南藏族自治州部分地区;华北区在河北省北部张家口市和承德市的坝上以南的地区;黄土高原区大部分地区都适宜种植苜蓿;华中区主要分布在安徽省北部、江苏省北部、湖北省西北部;西南区主要分布在云南省北部,贵州省毕节市,四川省的成都市、德阳市、遂宁市、绵阳市南部。

Alfalfa is one of the most widely planted perennial forage plants in China and is known as the “king of grass”. With the rapid development of our animal husbandry, the area under alfalfa plantation is increasing every year; as such, the criteria of choosing the suitable species of alfalfa is particularly important to us. According to the existing research foundation, alfalfa suitability regionalization has been done, our study are based on the natural elements ecological suitability model, forage biological characteristics, the actual production of pasture and system analyzed various factors. The results clearly indicated the ecologically suitable distributional areas of alfalfa in the nation, and determined the suitable areas, secondarily suitable areas, and unsuitable areas. The suitable areas for alfalfa cultivation in China are as follows： the Northeastern region, mainly including Jilin, Midwest Liaoning, and some districts in eastern Heilongjiang; Inner Mongolia, including the eastern part of Chifeng, Tongliao, and Xin’an, and the western part of Wulanchabu, Hohhot, and Erdos; the Northwestern region, Gansu, mainly along the Hexi Corridor; as well as Xinjiang, mainly Yili, Changji Hui Autonomous Region, and the peripheral areas of the Tarim Basin. Less suitable alfalfa planting areas were found in the Tibetan plateau, in Qinghai, centered around Xi’ning, Haidong district, Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and parts of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; in North China, which consists of Zhangjiakou and the area south of Bashang, Chengde. The Loess Plateau, where most areas are proper. Anhui, northern Jiangsu and northwest Hubei in Central of China are suitable areas. The suitable areas in the southwest include northern Yunnan, Bijie, Guizhou, and Chengdu, and Deyang, Suining, and the southern part of Mianyang in the Sichuan province.