培养基组分、模拟降水及温度对茶树花粉特性的影响

Effects of Medium Components,Simulated Precipitation and Temperature on Pollen Characteristics of Tea(Camellia sinensis)

以茶树品种‘金茶1号’花粉为试验材料,采用离体萌发法研究不同培养基组分对金茶1号花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响,明确花粉萌发的最佳培养条件,并用25/10℃、15/10℃、有水和无水4种条件交互处理观察金茶1号的开花进程。研究表明:金茶1号花粉萌发的最佳培养基是5%蔗糖+0.001%硼酸+0.005%氯化钙;花粉萌发率和花粉管长度达到最大值为4~6h;15/10℃处理的金茶1号花瓣明显比25/10℃的大;有水处理的金茶1号花瓣比无水处理的花瓣干重大;金茶1号花药开裂散粉需在干燥环境下进行。15/10℃与25/10℃条件下花粉萌发率没显著性差异,影响花粉萌发的是有无降水。

The effects of medium components on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of Camellia sinensisJincha 1 that took as test materials were studied using in vitro culture to clarify the optimal culture condition.Jincha1 was subjected to four environmental/treatments(25/10℃,15/10℃,with water or without water)to observe the flowering process.The results showed that the best medium for pollen germination was 5% sucrose,0.001% boric acid plus 0.005% calcium chloride.The optimum time was 4-6 hfor pollen germination and pollen tube growth.The petals were obviously bigger in the 15/10℃ treatment than that in the 25/10℃ treatment.The dry weight of petals was higher in the water treatment than that of the water-free treatment.Anther dehiscence required a dry environment.There is no significant difference in pollen germination in the temperature in the15/10℃and 25/10℃,and the effect of pollen germination is the presence of precipitation.This research shows significance for improving the ornamental value and facilitating cross breeding of Camellia sinensis-Jincha 1 with extended blooming period and enlarged petals.