精准扶贫对象的程序权利之行政法建构

Constructing the Procedural Rights for the Targeted Poverty Alleviation Objects From Administrative Law

从应然层面分析,作为精准扶贫行政法律关系一方主体的精准扶贫对象享有了解权、申请权、评论权、获得通知权,以及陈述和申辩等程序权利。行政法赋予精准扶贫对象程序权利,有助于提升其对精准扶贫行政认同感;提高精准扶贫的"精准性";有助于预防和纠正精准扶贫行政权力的违法和滥用。为了确保程序权利的有效实现,精准扶贫制度的设计者和实施者应当转变将精准扶贫对象作为精准扶贫行政过程"客体"的观念;同时,扶贫制度设计者还应当规定国家与地方权力机关相应的职责;此外,行政法需要为精准扶贫行政主体配置义务,并规定精准扶贫对象程序性权利受到侵害的救济机制。

From the normative perspective, the targets of targeted poverty alleviation who are the private party of administrative legal relations should have the procedural rights to know, to apply for, to comment, to get notice, etc. Administrative law vests the procedural rights in targeted poverty alleviation objects, which could help to enhance their approval, to improve the accuracy of poverty alleviation and to prevent and correct the violation of laws and illicit abuse of administrative powers in targeted poverty alleviation. In order to ensure the effective achievement of the procedural rights, the designer and implementer of the targeted poverty alleviation system should change the idea that the poverty alleviation targets are the objects of administrative process. Meanwhile, the Poverty Alleviation System designer should stipulate the duty scope of the state and the local authority. In addition, administrative law is supposed to allocate obligations for the subjects of the poverty alleviation administration and stipulate remedies for the procedural rights of the objects of poverty alleviation.