斑翅果蝇自然种群生命表的初步研究

A preliminary Drosophila suzukii life table

【目的】为了探究在自然环境中影响斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii种群的关键因子。【方法】本研究于2015年7—9月,应用生命表技术,采用室内分段饲养和田间观察相结合的方法进行调查统计,组建了斑翅果蝇自然种群生命表。【结果】室外斑翅果蝇各发育阶段的历期为:卵期(22.50±2.78)h、1龄幼虫期(23.14±2.27)h、2龄幼虫期(48.86±4.14)h、3龄幼虫期(79.00±11.01)h、蛹期(99.00±6.00)h;斑翅果蝇为A型存活曲线;在果园,斑翅果蝇7月世代的关键虫期为卵期,8月、9月世代的关键虫期为1~2龄幼虫期;在杉树林,斑翅果蝇8月、9月世代的关键虫期均为卵期;卵期的关键致死因子为自然死亡,1~2龄幼虫的关键致死因子为竞争。【结论】影响斑翅果蝇自然种群的关键致死因子为自然死亡和竞争。其存活曲线为A型,不同的生态环境的关键致死因子不同,不同发育阶段的关键致死因子也不同。

[Objectives] To explore the key factors that affect Drosophila suzukii populations in the natural environment. [Methods] From July to September 2015, demographic data collected from captive and wild D. suzukii populations were combined to create a life table. [Results[ The developmental period of wild D. suzukii were： （22.50±2.78） h for the egg stage （23.14±2.27） h for the 1st instar, （48.86±4.14） h for the 2nd instar, （79.00±11.01） h for the 3nd instar, and （99.00±6.00）h for the pupal period. The survival curve of D. suzukii was of the A-type. In orchards, the key developmental periods were： the egg period in July and the 1st -2nd instar periods in August and September, respectively. In cedar forest, the key development periods of Drosophila suzukii were the egg period in both August and September. The key lethal factor was natural death during the egg period, and competition in the 1st and 2nd instar periods. ]Conclusion] The key factors that affect natural populations ofD. suzukii are natural egg mortality and competition. This species has an A-type survival curve and key lethal factors vary with both environment and development period.