土地出让如何影响城市间发展不平衡——基于财政缺口弥补视角的实证分析

Does Land Supply Promote Regional Inequality between Cities?——An Empirical Research Based on the Perspective of Reducing Financial Gap

本文在借鉴"中心—外围"思想测算发展不平衡指标的基础上,检验了土地出让收入通过弥补地方财政收支缺口对城市间发展不平衡的影响。根据土地出让收入在不同类型城市间产生异质性效应的理论路径,实证分析进一步得出了与近几年公众直觉相悖的结论,即土地财政的存在并未加剧发达地区与欠发达地区之间的发展不平衡,而是促进了发展不平衡问题的缓解。通过土地出让获得更充裕、灵活的财政资金,目前已成为欠发达地区利用政府投资驱动经济增长的主要财源;而将土地出让收入用于基础设施建设等领域并充分发挥其杠杆效应,已成为外围城市追赶中心城市的重要方式。

Based on measuring regional inequality index with perspective of ＂center-periphery＂ model, this paper examines the empirical effect of land income on regional inequality between cities by compensating the gap between local fiscal revenue and expenditure. According to the theoretical path of the heterogeneity effect of land income between different types of cities, the empirical research further draws the conclusion that the land finance has not aggravated inequality between developed regions and underdeveloped areas, contrary to the public intuition in recent years, but helped solve the problem of Inequality. The availability of more ample and flexible financial income from land supply, has become a major source of revenue for government investment in underdeveloped areas. As a periphery city, investing in infrastructure construction and using its leverage with land income have become important approaches to catch up with the central city.