服务贸易作用的重新评估:全球价值链视角

Is the Ratio of Service Low in China's Exports:An Analysis Based on Global Value Chains

服务在贸易中的作用一直被忽略,直到近年来,随着服务贸易自由化,我们对服务业作用的认识从作为中间投入提升到服务具有创造价值的作用。本文从全球价值链的视角,利用最新的增加值贸易测算和分解方法,测算分析了中国服务业在出口贸易中的作用,并初步考察了企业内置高端服务活动的价值。研究发现:(1)服务业增加值的直接出口相对比较少,主要通过隐含在制造业部门而间接出口。服务业各行业前向联系的增加值出口与相应行业总值出口的比率几乎都大于1,且该比率远大于第二产业。(2)服务业在国际贸易中发挥的作用被低估。按增加值测算方法计算的服务业增加值出口比重达31.32%,比传统总值贸易方法计算的服务业比重(13.92%)高17.4个百分点。(3)无论是按传统总值贸易方法还是增加值测算方法,中国服务业出口占总出口的比重相对较低,甚至比印度服务业出口比重还要低。(4)中国制造业部门内置的高端服务活动(研发、管理)的比重较低,导致出口中来自制造业部门的内置服务活动价值的贡献很少。

From the perspective of global value chains, this paper uses the latest calculation and decomposition method of value added trade in trade, calculates the forward and backward value added in export of China＇s service industry, and analyzes the role of China＇s service industry in export trade. The study finds that the increase of the value of the services is embodied in other sectors through indirect exports. The ratio of the value of service and the corresponding industry exports is more than 1, much higher than the second industry. Second, value-added exports from service sector accounted for more than 31.32 % of total China＇s value-added exports, and the proportion of service value added to China＇s total value-added exports is 17.4 percentage points higher than that calculated by the traditional method of trade statistics. Third, the proportion of service relatively low compared with others country, and value added to China＇s total value-added exports is even lower than that in Indian. At last, The low proportion of built-in high-end service activities （RIND and management） in China＇s manufacturing sector has contributed little to the value of inbuilt services of export in the manufacturing sector.