论社会规范的价值取向及其合理性

On the Value Orientation and Rationality of Social Norms

人作为人存在,是一种社会性存在,其生活是一种社会性生活。人的社会生活要得以可能,必须是一种受到规范与约束的生活,社会规范是人的社会生活可能性的基础与前提。社会规范有风俗习惯、各种制度、法律与道德,还包括文化等多种存在形态,因为人的社会生活有多种不同的领域与方面。社会规范对人们的社会生活既是一种范导,也是一种防范与禁止,就其主要的价值取向而言,与其说是范导人们向善的,不如说是防范与禁止人们作恶的,防恶、避恶、抑恶、惩恶才是社会规范生成与存在的主要价值取向与价值。社会规范通常是衡量人们行为合理与否的坐标与尺度,但它本身也有一个合理与否的问题,社会规范的生成及其演变归根到底是由社会的生产方式与交换方式决定的。

Human existence is a socialized and human life is a social life. Human social life must be a kind of regulated and restrained one. Social norm is the basis and premise of the possibility of human social life. Social norms are not only a guide to human social life, but also a kind of preven- tion and prohibition. Social norms are the guide for people to be good, but more importantly they are to prevent and prohibit people from evil. Preventing and punishing evil deeds is the main value orientation and value of the formation and existence of social norms. Social norms are usually the coordination and scales that measure people＇s behavior reasonably, but it itself has a problem of being reasonable or not. The formation and evolution of social norms, in the final analysis, is de- termined by the mode of production and exchange.