黄土高原苹果园三种主要病虫管理模式

Management Models of Apple Orchard for Three Kinds of Main Disease Pests in Loess Plateau

黄土高原是苹果的优势产区,然而近年来由于病虫大量发生,农药使用加剧,农残不断上升,果品品质不断下降,进而造成果品滞销、市场低迷的现象。这与农村基层长期片面追求高产量、高密度的栽植模式以及低水平的管理现状息息相关。在国家农药、化肥"双减"政策的推动下,这一现状亟待改变。因此,现通过剖析黄土高原苹果园3种优势病虫(苹果腐烂病Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada、山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher、苹果褐斑病Marssonina coronaria(Ell.et Davis)Davis)的发生规律,总结出防治关键,结合对其管理现状的调研和总结,并从农业标准化角度提出针对这3种病虫不依赖农药的标准化管理模式,以期为推动黄土高原苹果产业向现代化发展迈进提供动力。

The Loess Plateau is the advantage of apple producing areas,but in recent years due to the occurrence of a large number of diseases and pests,pesticide use intensified,increasing pesticide residues,fruit quality declining,causing the fruit unmarketable,the market downturn phenomenon.The rural grass-roots longterm one-sided pursuit of planting pattern with high yield,high density,and low level of management is closely related to the status. Under the impetus of the national pesticide and fertilizer reduction policy,this situation needs to be changed.This study through the analysis of the Loess Plateau in apple orchards of three dominant pests（ Valsa mali Miyabe et Apple rot Yamada,Tetranychus viennensis Zacher,Marssonina coronaria（ Ell. et Davis） Davis） the occurrence,summed up the key control,combined with the research on the present situation of the management and the summary,and from the agricultural standardization point of view,put forward the standardized management mode of three kinds of diseases and pests,what did not rely on pesticides,to promote and provide power forward the modernization of apple industry in Loess Plateau.