“一带一路”倡议下俄罗斯农业支持水平及政策分析——基于OECD农业政策框架

Analysis of Russian agricultural support level and policy:based on OECD agricultural policy framework

俄罗斯横跨亚欧大陆,与中国接壤,是中国推动"一带一路"倡议的主要合作伙伴。受地理区位因素和自然环境影响,俄罗斯与中国农业资源互补性强,应加强农业合作。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)农业评价体系涵盖了包括边境贸易政策在内的所有农业政策工具,并对各国农业政策以统一的标准进行分类。基于此,研究俄罗斯农业生产者和公共服务支持政策,有助于中国了解俄罗斯国内与边境农业政策变动,调整对俄罗斯的农产品贸易政策;同时研究俄罗斯农业政策演变规律,对中国农业政策的制定有借鉴作用。研究表明,最主要的支持政策是对农业生产者的支持,占总支持水平的80%左右;农业一般服务支持结构不断发生变化,支持重心由对基础设施的支持转向对农业科研与农业教育的支持;农业政策工具包括价格支持、信贷优惠、基于每吨牛奶的支付、基于作物生产的支付、农民教育(包括农业高等院校和农民再教育)等。

Russia is the main partner of China for the"One Belt And One Road"strategy.Influenced by geographical location and natural environment,Russia and China have strong complementary agricultural resources and should strengthen agricultural cooperation.OECD agriculture evaluation system covers border trade policy,agricultural policy tools,and the national agricultural policy in a unified standard for classification.Based on the study of Russian agricultural producers and the public service support policy,China could understand Russia domestic and border agricultural policy and policy adjustments agricultural trade policies of Russia;at the same time,we study the evolution law of Russian agricultural.Research shows that the main support policy of Russia is the support of agricultural producers,accounting for about 80% of the total support level.The support policy for agricultural general service support is constantly changing,ranging from infrastructure support to agricultural research and agriculture education.Agricultural policy tools are price support,credit incentives,payments based on milk per ton,payment based on crop production,farmers' education(including agricultural higher education and farmer reeducation).