我国民航运输企业区位选择的时空演化及其成因分析

Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Location Choice of China's Civil Aviation Transportation Enterprises and Its Cause Analysis

搜集2000年、2008年和2016年我国34个省、直辖市、自治区的民航运输企业的空间位置数据,运用全局自相关以及局部自相关的方法对民航运输企业的集聚状况进行研究,发现国内民航运输企业的聚集程度逐渐加深,高高聚集现象由中部一直向南、北两端扩展,高低聚集现象一直由海南和广东北上顺着沿海省份扩张,民航运输企业的经济空间溢出效应显著。此外,利用面板数据的计量分析结果表明:根据市场需求类型的不同,我国民航运输企业的区位选择可分为第三产业导向型、旅游导向型、物流导向型和综合型;机场综合保障能力因素对民航运输企业的发展具有显著的正向影响;地区公路与铁路的发展与民航运输企业的发展存在竞争关系。

This paper collects the spatial location data of civil aviation transportation enterprises in 34 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China in 2000, 2008 and 2016. Then it adopts the overall autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation methods to study the agglomeration of civil aviation transportation enterprises in China. It is found that the degree of concentration of civil aviation transportation enterprises in China is gradually deepening, the phenomenon of high-high ag- glomeration is extending from the central to the south and north ends, and the phenomenon of high-low aggregation is extending from Hainan and Guangdong towards the coastal provinces. The e- conomic space spill effect of the civil aviation transport enterprises is remarkable. In addition, the metrological analysis with the panel data shows that, according to the different types of market demands, the locational choice of civil aviation transportation enterprises in China can be divided into such types as the tertiary industry-oriented, the tourism-oriented, the logistics-oriented and the comprehensive. The comprehensive supportability factor of the airports has a significant positive impact on the development of the civil aviation transport enterprises. There exists a competitive relationship be- tween the regional highway and railway development and the development of civil aviation transport enterprises.