黔东南香禾糯AFLP遗传多样性分析与评价

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Evaluation of Kam Aromatic Glutinous Rice in Qiandongnan Prefecture Based on AFLP Molecular Markers

香禾糯是我国侗族人民数百年来的传统主食,也是传统农业生态系统的重要组成部分。本文通过民族植物学调查与现代分子生物学试验相结合的方法,对黔东南侗族地区传统分类的香禾糯农家品种进行了评价,以便探讨香禾糯种质资源的遗传多样性变化。通过8对AFLP引物并基于遗传距离和遗传相似系数,对从黔东南侗族地区收集的95个香禾糯农家品种进行了分析。共检测到707个位点,其中多态性位点为619个,占87.55%,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为0.3738,基因多样性指数为0.2446,遗传相似系数为0.7121~0.9958。当遗传相似系数为0.7546时,可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两大类,外加1个特殊品种,其中Ⅰ类群有88个品种,Ⅱ类群有6个品种,来自相同和相邻侗寨或者形态性状相近的品种并没有完全聚在一起。结果表明黔东南地区香禾糯农家品种遗传多样性总体水平较高,特别是传统耕作文化保护较好的侗寨内,其遗传背景差异较大。香禾糯种质资源的多样性形成,在很大程度上与黔东南地区复杂多变的自然环境有关,还与该地区少数民族的传统耕作制度和民族传统文化延续密切相关。

The Kam aromatic glutinous rice is the Dong ethnic traditional staple food for hundreds of years, and also an important component of traditional agroecosystem in the area. In this paper, in order to discuss the variation of the genetic diversity of the Kam aromatic glutinous rice germplasm resources, an approach combining ethnobotany and molecular biology was used to evaluate the genetic diversity of the rice landraces in Dong ethnic area of Qian- dongnan Prefecture. AFLP（amplified fragment length polymorphism）analysis of 95 Kam aromatic glutinous rice land- races collected from Dong villages in the area was carried out by using 8 pairs of AFLP primers, and the cluster analy- sis of each village and between the landraces based on the genetic distance and genetic similarity coefficient. A total of 707 clear bands were obtained ,619 of them were polymorphic bands and the percentage of polymorphic was 87.55%. Shannon＇s information index was O. 3738 ,the gene diversity index was 0. 2446, the genetic similarity coefficient of the 95 accessions was 0. 7121-0. 9958. It could be clustered into 2 big clusters（ Ⅰ and Ⅱ ）when the genetic similarity coefficient was 0. 7546, with the addition of a special group of landraces. Branch I included a group of 88 landraces, and branch Ⅱ had a total of 6 landraces. The varieties were collected from the same and adjacent villages or the varieties with similar morphological traits that were not clustered completely together. There was no correlation between the genetic distance and geographical location. The results showed that there was higher genetic diversity in the landraces of Qiandongnan Prefecture, especially in the Dong villages where the genetic differentiation was high, and the genetic background was very complicated in the Kam aromatic glutinous rice landraces. The formation of diversity was related to complex environment, ethnic traditional farming system and culture in the prefecture.