辽宁省水稻品种品质性状及亲缘关系变化分析

Analysis of Quality Character and Relationship Variation of Rice from Liaoning Province

为了解辽宁省水稻品种品质性状及亲缘关系的演变情况,对1991-2015年审定的257份水稻品种进行品质性状分析,并通过亲缘系数、系谱分析了解品种间的亲缘关系和骨干亲本的应用。结果表明,25年来辽宁省水稻品种随着时间的推进表现出子粒变长、变宽,垩白度减少,透明度、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度下降的趋势。总体上随着时间的推进,品种品质性状的相似度和优质率逐步提高。但由于品质性状在不同年份的变异程度有所不同,品质性状的综合表现差异依然较大。随着时间的推进,水稻品种间亲缘系数表现出先下降后上升的特点,每个亲本直接育成品种数呈现出上升趋势。257份水稻品种共形成22个骨干亲本,利用的骨干亲本也越来越集中,丰锦、辽粳5号、辽粳326、辽粳454、辽粳294、辽星1号是辽宁省水稻育种中重要的优质骨干亲本。今后辽宁省水稻优质品种选育过程中应在利用现有骨干亲本的基础上,拓宽品种遗传基础,将外观品质、加工品质的优化作为品质改良的主要方向。

In order to understand the change process of rice quality character and lineage relationship in Liaon- ing province, we performed quality character analysis on 257 rice varieties that approved from 1991 to 2015 in Lia- oning province variety examine, and investigated relationship and application situation for the backbone parental based on means of coefficient of parentage and pedigree analysis. The results showed that the grain shape tend to longer and wider, the chalkiness degree decreased, the transparence, amylase content and gel consistence reduced in Liaoning province. With the time transition, the similarity and high quality rate of quality character tend to improve- ment. Comprehensive performance of quality still showed difference since the different of quality traits between inter- annual are very common. The coefficient of parentage showed decreased and then increased and the numbers of vari- eties directly bred from each parent presented increased situation. The 22 backbone parental are applied at high fre- quencies which derived 257 rice varieties, such as Toyonihiki, Liaojing 5, Liaojing 326, Liaojing 454, Liaojing 294 and Liaoxingl were important quality backbone parental in Liaoning. We propose that the main direction of quality improvement in Liaoning is to enrich the genetic basis of varieties and optimize the appearance and processing quali- ty on the basis of the existing backbone parental application.