云南省香料烟氮磷钾肥料效应与施肥指标参数研究

Study on the Effect of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on the Oriental Tobacco and the Parameters of Fertilizer Application in Yunnan

【目的】针对多年来云南省香料烟施肥技术参数方面缺乏系统研究,施肥存在着经验性和盲目性,研究施肥参数指标,为香料烟标准化施肥提供依据。【方法】采用"3414"回归优化设计,通过田间小区试验,研究氮、磷、钾肥料田间效应,应用测土配方施肥数据管理系统和肥料效应函数模型,计算施肥指标参数。【结果】保山香料烟肥料N、P_2O_5、K_2O最高产量施肥量分别为208.5、259.84、559.17 kg/hm^2,经济最佳施肥量分别为189.59、201.13、398.23 k/ghm2,适宜施肥比例为1∶1.06∶2.10,每100 kg烟叶产量养分吸收量分别为1.04、0.43、1.94㎏,肥料利用率分别为48.72%、5.06%、5.76%,肥料贡献率分别为45.27%、33.24%、7.59%,化肥农学效率分别为17.69、8.4、1.19 kg/kg,相对产量分别为54.73%、67.76%、92.41%,化肥偏生产力为7.82 kg/kg。【结论】香料烟施肥可参考最佳施肥量和适宜比例结果数据,增加氮肥用量可大幅提高烟叶产量,采取综合措施提高磷、钾肥利用率是提高香料烟产量和品质的关键,增施有机肥替代部分氮肥对促进香料烟产业发展意义重大。

[Purpose]The systematic research on the fertilization parameters and rational fertilization rate of the oriental tobacco were limited. In order to provide the basis for the standard fertilization of the oriental tobacco,the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on yield and quality and the fertilization parameters of oriental tobacco were studied. [Method] Field experiments using＂3414＂regression optimization design were carried out. The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on yield and quality of oriental tobacco were studied. The fertilization parameters of oriental tobacco were studied by soil testing data and fertilizer effect function model. [Results]The fertilization rate of Nitrogen（ N）,phosphorus（ P_2O_5） and potassium（ K_2O） for the highest yield were208. 56 kg/hm^2,259. 84 kg/hm^2 and 559. 17 kg/hm^2 respectively. The economic optimum fertilization rate was 189. 59 kg/hm2,201. 13 kg/hm^2 and 398. 23 kg/hm^2,respectively. The rational fertilization ratio of N∶ P_2O_5∶ K_2O was 1∶ 1. 08∶ 2. 19. The uptake amounts of N,P_2O_5,K_2O for 100 kg yield were1. 04 kg,0. 43 kg,1. 94 kg. The fertilizer use efficiency was 48. 72%,5. 06% and 5. 76% respec-tively. The contribution of fertilizer was 45. 27%,33. 24% and 7. 59%,respectively. Fertilizer agronomic efficiency was 17. 69 kg/kg, 8. 4 kg/kg, 1. 19 kg/kg. Relative yields were 54. 73%,67. 76%,92. 41%,respectively. The partial factor productivity of chemical fertilizer was 7. 82 kg/kg.[Conclusions]Oriental tobacco fertilization should depend on the fertilization parameter and the data.With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate,the yield of tobacco can be increased markedly. The yield and quality of the oriental tobacco can be improved by increasing the phosphorus and potassium use efficiency. Increasing organic fertilizer application to replace part of chemical N fertilizer will be one of the important options for the oriental tobacco production.