绿色技术创新的平台效应研究——以新能源汽车技术创新及商业化为例

Research on Platform Effect of Green Technology Innovation: Taking Technology Innovation and Commercialization of New Energy Vehicles as an Example

实践表明,绿色技术创新是一项复杂的技术及市场过程,其供应链系统能否为创新活动提供充分的平台支持,决定了绿色技术的创新路径与绩效水平。当前,理论与实践尚未就供应链系统对绿色技术创新的支持机制形成一致、系统的认知,为此,本文以新能源汽车技术创新及商业化为例,建立了由汽车产业"整零"模式和引擎绿色技术创新路径构成的二维分析情境。研究中采用价值激发、转换成本、行动协同、关系衍生4类平台效应观测指标,对不同"整零"模式的供应链绿色技术创新匹配性、平台支持水平、平台效应影响因素进行了分析和评价。基于平台效率分析视角,本文提出"整零"模式的环境感应特征是决定新能源汽车技术创新平台效应水平的关键因素,研究结论及启发对探索绿色技术创新模式、制定高效的绿色技术创新平台促进机制具有重要的理论借鉴价值。

Generally, clean technology innovation activities including new energy vehicles lack enough support of supply chain environment that is viewed as a ＂natural defect＂. As a complex market action, clean technology innovation is classically featured by the absence of supply chains, scattered value chains, the deficiency of tech matching and integration capability, etc. Especially for new energy automobile industry, although production scale increasingly expands, the steady cooperation of capital and technology among links of supply chains could not be formed effectively in short time, and the sharing mechanism of innovation risk appears feeble because of the development gap among different industries ＆ enterprises and the mess of industry or technology patter allocation which means it is difficult for enterprises to support each other and acquire coordination effect. At present, the research of the support mechanism for new energy automobile innovation is carried out mainly from the perspectives of outside resource seeking, innovation strategy, development patterns of technology and business and so on, but seldom from a perspective of supply chain system. Even if some studies explore this issue based on supply chains, there is a severe challenge to construct a reasonable and effective problem analysis context. Therefore, this paper takes the ＂finished-components＂ model that is the most basic relation constitution in supply chain system of automotive industry as a key factor of building problem analysis context, and sequentially observes the platform supportive effect of different types of ＂finished-components＂ relationship mode on technology innovation of new energy vehicles, which is an effective route to a breakthrough of the study impasse and the return to the essence of the problem. So this paper proposes two important problem analysis dimensions in ＂finished-components＂ relationship mode in automotive industry： environment induction characteristic of ＂finished-components＂ relationship mode and the coordination characteristic of ＂finished-components＂ enterprises. According to these two analysis dimensions, present supply chain system of automotive industry could be divided into four types of environment induction system（response to market environment like demand and supply）： single environment induction system, independent environment induction system, union environment induction system, and synchronization environment induction system. According to above sorting toward ＂finished-components＂ relationship mode, this paper constitutes a two-dimensional analysis context being made up of ＂finished-components＂ model in automotive industry and the technology innovation path of new energy vehicles, and carries out a comparative analysis toward 4 sorts of ＂finished-components＂ environment induction system including US model（single environment induction system）, Europe model （independent environment induction system）, Japan model （union environment induction system）, and Tesla model （synchronization environment induction system）to evaluate the respective function performance of 4 models concerning 4 platform supportive parameters （value stimulation, transfer costs, action coordination, and relation derivation）. From the perspective of platform efficiency analysis, this paper argues definitely that the environment induction characteristic of ＂finished-components＂ mode is a key factor of determining the platform supportive level of new energy vehicle technology innovation. The conclusions and inspiration have vital theoretical reference value for exploring the green technology innovation models and establishing effective green technology innovation platform promotion mechanism. In order to construct effective social coordination mechanism of green technology innovation, governments should adopt policy control measures to change the situation of the fragmentation between enterprises and industries, decentralized competition and market separation; enterprises should vigorously constitute the platform network structure effect of green technology innovation combining to the internet thinking; especially for those systematic and subversive green technology innovation activities, enterprises should take the initiative to implement the embedded value strategy so as to build the platform supportive environment for the stakeholders of green technology innovation based on data sharing, value creation and spontaneous persistence.