东北林业系统自然保护区、森林公园和湿地公园的空间重叠分析

Spatial overlapping analysis for nature reserves,forest parks and wetland parks in forestry management system of Northeast China

我国自然保护地类型主要包括自然保护区、风景名胜区、森林公园、湿地公园、地质公园等,由不同管理机构主管的不同类型保护地在建立目的和管理方式上各有侧重,且存在比较突出的空间交叉重叠问题。本文选取东北地区林业系统保护地为主要研究对象,应用GIS的空间叠置分析技术,解析其空间分布及重叠区域。结果表明:东北地区林业系统自然保护区、森林公园和湿地公园3种保护地类型覆盖了86.24%的县域,只在黑龙江西部、吉林中西部、辽宁中部少量县域有保护地空缺;同时,自然保护区、森林公园和湿地公园之间两两重叠共有20处,重叠面积为34.5万hm^2,其中主要是自然保护区和森林公园之间的重叠,共有16处重叠,31.98万hm^2。空间重叠区域主要分布在大、小兴安岭和长白山系等自然资源丰富的地区。虽然在同一区域建立多个保护地目的是为发挥其多重功能,但由此带来的保护和管理问题十分严峻,应从确定重叠分布区域、建立统一的管理机制、明晰管理权限等多方面入手予以解决。

The protected areas of China mainly include nature reserves,scenic areas,forest parks,wetland parks,geological parks and other categories.The purpose and management system of these categories are different,and some protected areas overlapped in spatial distribution because different institutions selected and established them respectively.This paper analyzed the spatial distribution and overlapping area of protected areas under forestry management system in Northeast China,using spatial overlay analysis of GIS.The results indicated that nature reserves,forest parks and wetland parks covered 86.24% of cities and counties in Northeast China,with a small amount of gaps in protected areas in counties of west Heilongjiang,middle and west Jilin and middle Liaoning.There were 345000 hm^2 of 20 overlapping areas between the two categories of nature reserves,forest parks and wetland parks,among which 319800 hm^2 of 16 overlapping areas were found between nature reserves and forest parks.The main overlapping areas were in Daxinganling,Xiaoxinganling and Changbai Mountain where the natural resources were rich.Though the purpose of establishing several protected areas in the same region is to develop more functions,the overlapping of protected areas caused many problems of conservation and management.So,we proposed suggestions of overlapping status survey,unified management mechanism,and clear administrative privileges.