湿地公园旅游环境承载力预警评价研究——以云霄红树林湿地公园为例

Study on Early Warning Evaluation of Tourism Environment Carrying Capacity of Wetland Park: Take the Yunxiao Mangrove Wetland Park as an Example

以云霄红树林湿地公园为研究对象,构建其旅游环境承载力预警评价指标体系,用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定评价指标体系中各指标的权重,用模糊综合评价法评价其旅游环境承载力预警状况。结果表明:云霄红树林湿地公园旅游环境承载力总体处于适载状态;自然环境承载力与社会环境承载力处于适载状态,经济环境承载力处于弱载状态;生态环境承载力、资源空间承载力、管理水平承载力处于适载状态,基础设施承载力、服务设施承载力、经济规模承载力、心理承载力处于弱载状态。在此基础上,提出继续保持良好的生态环境、完善旅游配套设施、建立旅游环境承载力预警管理系统的对策建议。

⑴Background——As a kind of tourism destination of fragile ecological environment,the original natural ecological environment of wetland park is easily to be disturbed and destructed because of unreasonable exploitation in the process of the development of the tourism resources.It is not conducive to the sustainable development of the entire wetland.Therefore,it is necessary to study the environmental carrying capacity warning of wetland park.As of August 2017,no scholars have studied the environmental carrying capacity warning of wetland park.Taking Yunxiao mangrove wetland park as an example,this research studies the early warning evaluation of tourism environmental carrying capacity,has important practical significance for promoting its sustainable development,and also has a certain theoretical significance to enrich the related research achievements.⑵Methods——On the basis of summarizing and drawing lessons from other tourism environmental bearing capacity of early warning evaluation index system,this research constructs the initial early warning evaluation index system of tourism environmental bearing capacity.After widely soliciting opinions of tourism,ecology,environmental science and other related experts,this research ultimately determine the evaluation index system.Then it determines the weight of each index by the analysis of Delphi and AHP,researches the early warning situation by the Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.⑶Results——The early warning evaluation index system of the tourism environmental carrying capacity is divided into 4 levels:the total target layer,the sub target layer,the project layer and the indicator layer.The total target layer is environmental carrying capacity of forest tourism scenic area,sub target layer is divided into the natural environment carrying capacity,environmental carrying capacity and social economic environment carrying capacity,and the project layer can be divided into 7 aspects,the index layer contains 23 specific indicators.Through the analysis,the index weight of resource bearing capacity,ecological carrying capacity,service capacity,psychological bearing capacity is larger,and the index weight of carrying capacity of infrastructure,management capacity,economic scale is smaller.The results show that its tourism environment bearing capacity is in optimal load state.From the target layer,the natural and the social environment bearing capacity is in the proper load state and the economic environment bearing capacity is in the weak load state.From the project view,the ecological environment bearing capacity,resource bearing capacity,management capacity bearing capacity is in the proper load state,bearing capacity of infrastructure,service facilities,economic scale and psychological capacity is at a weak state.⑷Conclusions and Discussion——Yunxiao mangrove wetland park should pay attention to the protection of ecological resources,recovery the degraded wetland through the ecological engineering or technology,strengthen the management of key pollution sources.It should improve the water supply and drainage,road traffic and other infrastructure facilities,improve the tourism industry chain system to meet the diverse needs of tourists,improve the ability of risk identification and monitoring of the scenic tourist carrying capacity,establish early warning management system of tourism environment capacity to monitor,evaluate,predict and guide its tourism environmental carrying capacity.