某市戒毒人员的颞下颌关节紊乱病流行病学特点分析

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Temporomandibular Disorders in Drug Addicts

目的:调查戒毒人员的颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorders,TMD)发病特点,并分析其可能的危险因素。方法:对某市强制戒毒中心的199名吸毒人员进行TMD相关的问卷调查及专科检查。结果:1)57.79%的戒毒人员自述在过去3个月内出现过弹响、颌面部疼痛及下颌运动障碍等TMD症状,其中颌面部疼痛发病率高达42.72%;2)40.70%的戒毒人员存在TMD阳性体征,其中关节杂音28.14%、开闭口型异常13.57%、颌面部压痛/运动痛10.55%;3)吸毒时间长短与TMD症状、体征之间未见紧密联系,但存在紧张焦虑、紧咬牙者自述TMD症状及颌面部疼痛发生的几率显著增高(P<0.05)。结论:作为一种多病因疾病,TMD与吸毒之间没有直接的联系,但与吸毒相关的紧张焦虑、紧咬牙可能是TMD的危险因素。

Objective： To investigate the characteristics of temporomandibular disorders （TMD） and analyze the potential risk factors for TMD in drug addicts. Methods： TMD related questionnaire survey and professional exami- nation were conducted among 199 drug addicts in a compulsory detoxification center in one Chinese city. Results： 1） Joint noise, maxillofacial pain, and mandibular movement disorders were involved in 57.79% of the drug addicts during the past 3 months, and incidence of maxillofacial pain reached up to 42.72% ;2） 40.70% of the drug users had positive signs of TMD, with joint noise in 28.14%, mandibular movement disorders in 13. 57%, and maxillofa- cial tenderness / pain during movement in 10.55% ;3） There was no close relationship between the duration of drug abuse and TMD symptoms and/or signs, but the incidence of TMD symptoms and maxillofacial pain was signifi cantly higher in drug addicts with tension/anxiety and teeth clenching （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： As a multifactorial disease, there is no direct relation between TMD and drug abuse, but drug abuse related anxiety and clenching may be the risk factors of TMD.