青海湟源县城隍庙壁画制作材料与工艺研究

Material and Technology of the Mural Painting Producrion at the Chenghuang Temple,Huangyuan county,Qinghai

青海省湟源县城隍庙创建于清乾隆年间,是全国重点文物保护单位之一。正殿及东西厢房保存的壁画受自然因素和人为因素的影响,产生了各种病害。为了保护修复壁画,分别对壁画颜料层、地仗层及墙体土坯进行了取样分析。结果表明,壁画颜料均为矿物颜料,其中红色为朱砂,蓝色为群青,绿色为巴黎绿,橙色为铅丹和朱砂,黑色为炭黑,金色为金粉,白色为方解石,为常见壁画颜料。制作工艺为在土坯墙上用麦草泥地仗找平,待麦草泥地仗层晾干以后用石灰涂刷,再进行绘画。

The Chenghuang temple in Huangyuan county, Qinghai province, was built during the Qianlong＇s reign of Qing dynasty. It is on the list for the state key cultural relic conservation. Due to natural conditions and human related issues, the mural paintings in the main pavilion and east and west antechambers of the temple suffer all kinds of conservation diseases. In order to better protect and reinstall the damaged mural paintings, we collected samples from the painting layer, the earthen layer underneath the painting and the wall for analysis. Our results show that the pigments belong to different kinds of minerals. The red colour is from cinnabar, the blue is from ultramarine, the green is from Paris green, the orange is from a mixture of lead and cinnabar, the black is from carbon, the golden is from gold powder, and the white is from calcite. These are the common colours used in the painting. The painting procedures are as follows： an adobe mixed with wheat straw and clay was applied to the surface, on top of the levelled surface a layer of lime chalk was then pasted before the painting was conducted.